Maintaining and Upgrading the Router

Upgrading the Boot PROMs

Your system is equipped with either boot Flash or boot PROMs depending on the size of the boot image for the system. If the boot image is less than 1 MB, the system is equipped with Boot PROMs. If the boot image is greater than 1 MB, the system is equipped with boot Flash.

To upgrade the boot image, either replace the boot PROMs or download the boot image from a Flash memory card to the boot Flash installed on the system board. This section explains how to upgrade the boot PROMs. For information about how to download the boot image from a Flash memory card, refer to the Upgrading Boot Image with Flash Memory Cards for Cisco 2500 Series Routers publication.

Table 5-1 lists the part numbers you need to upgrade the boot PROMs and indicates their installation socket. The part number is printed on a label attached to the boot PROM.

Table 5-1 : Boot PROM Part Numbers and Installation Sockets

Boot PROM Part Number	Installation Socket
17-1610-03	FW 1
17-1611-03	FW 2

Tools and Equipment Required for Replacing the Boot PROMs

The following tools and equipment are required to replace the boot PROMs:

• PROM extraction tool or a small flat-blade screwdriver
  

• Two boot PROMs
  

Replacing the Boot PROMs

Follow this procedure to replace the boot PROMs:

Step 1 To open the chassis and expose the boot PROMs, follow the procedures in the section "Opening the Chassis" earlier in this chapter.

Step 2 After the boot PROMs (FW1 and FW2) on the system card are exposed, perform Steps 3 through 6 to replace the PROMs.

Caution The correct placement of the boot PROMs is crucial. If the PROMs are installed in the wrong sockets they could be damaged when the system is powered on. To prevent damage to the PROMs from ESD (when handling the system and its components), follow the ESD procedures described earlier. Also, be careful not to damage or scratch the printed circuit card under the PROMs.

Step 3 Locate the boot PROMs, FW1 and FW2 (see Figure 5-3).

Step 4 Using an PROM extraction tool or a small flat-blade screwdriver, gently remove the boot PROMs and set them aside (on a nonconductive surface).

Step 5 Insert the new boot PROMs in their respective sockets in the orientation show in Figure 5-3, being careful not to bend or crush any of the bottom pins. If you inadvertently bend a pin, use needle-nose pliers to straighten them. Align the notch in the new PROM with the notch in the PROM socket, ignoring the orientation of the label.

Step 6 Replace the tray assembly and cover following the instructions in the section "Replacing the Cover."

Installing Primary-Memory DRAM SIMMs

The router contains primary and shared memory. Primary memory stores the running configuration and routing tables. Shared memory is used for packet buffering by the router network interfaces. (See Figure Figure 5-3 for the location of primary and shared memory in your router.)

It might be necessary to expand primary memory by installing a DRAM SIMM if you are using very large routing tables or many protocols, or the router is set up as a connection device between large external networks and your internal network.

After booting your system, the system banner on the console screen displays only the amount of primary memory, in kilobytes (KB). The following example shows a system with 1 MB (1024 KB) of primary memory (shared memory is not displayed).The system does not display shared memory until later in the boot process.

System Bootstrap, Version (2.1), SOFTWARE
Copyright (c) 1986-1993 by cisco Systems
2500 processor with 1024 Kbytes of main memory 
>

Primary Memory Configurations

The router has 2 MB of fixed DRAM memory and a DRAM SIMM socket for upgrading memory. You can upgrade primary memory by installing a 4-, 8-, or 16-MB DRAM SIMM in the DRAM SIMM socket. Table 5-2 lists the upgrade amounts and corresponding memory configurations.

Table 5-2 : DRAM SIMM Memory Configurations

Upgrade DRAM	Memory Configuration
4 MB	1 MB x 36 DRAM SIMM
8 MB	2 MB x 36 DRAM SIMM
16 MB	4 MB x 36 DRAM SIMM

Approved DRAM SIMM Vendors

Order DRAM SIMMs from Cisco Systems or an approved vendor. Table 5-3 lists the upgrade amounts and corresponding Cisco Systems product numbers.

Table 5-3 : Cisco Systems DRAM SIMMs

Upgrade DRAM	Cisco Systems Product Number
4 MB (1 MB x 36, 70 ns DRAM SIMM)	MEM1X4D=, MEM-6M=
8 MB (2 MB x 36, 70 ns DRAM SIMM)	MEM-1X8D=
16 MB (4 MB x 36, 70 ns DRAM SIMM)	MEM-1X16D=, MEM-18M=

Table 5-4 lists approved 70 nanosecond (ns) DRAM SIMM vendors.

Table 5-4 : Approved DRAM SIMM Vendors

Upgrade DRAM	Vendor	Vendor Part Number
4 MB (1 MB x 36, 70 ns DRAM SIMM)	Hyundai	HYM536100AM-70
	Micron	MT9D136M-7
	Mitsubishi	MH1M36ASDJ-7
	Mitsubishi	MH1M36BNDJ-7
	NEC	MC421000A36BE-70
	OKI	MSC23136B-70BS12
	Samsung	KMM5361003C-70
8 MB (2 MB x 36, 70 ns DRAM SIMM)	Smart Modules	SM536C2000-7
16 MB (4 MB x 36, 70 ns DRAM SIMM)	Hitachi	HB56D436SBR-7AGS
	Hyundai	HYM536410M-70
	Mitsubishi	MH4M36ANXJ-7
	NEC	MC-424000A36BE-70
	Samsung	KMM5364100A-70

Memory Allocation

The type of memory installed, fixed DRAMs or a DRAM SIMM, effects the way shared and primary memory are allocated. Table 5-5 lists the types of memory (fixed DRAM or DRAM SIMM), how memory is allocated (as shared or primary memory), and the resulting total memory.

Table 5-5 : Memory Allocation

Fixed DRAM Memory Installed	DRAM SIMM Memory Installed	Memory Allocated as Shared Memory	Memory Allocated as Primary Memory	Total Memory (Combined Shared and Primary Memory)
0 MB	4 MB	2 MB	2 MB	4 MB
0 MB	8 MB	2 MB	6 MB	8 MB
0 MB	16 MB	2 MB	14 MB	16 MB
2 MB	0 MB	1 MB	1 MB	2 MB
2 MB	4 MB	2 MB	4 MB	6 MB
2 MB	8 MB	2 MB	8 MB	10 MB
2 MB	16 MB	2 MB	16 MB	18 MB

Tools and Equipment Required

The following tools and equipment are required:

• Medium-sized flat-blade screwdriver (1/4 inch [0.625 cm])
  

• ESD-preventive wrist strap
  

• The appropriate DRAM SIMM for your router model
  

DRAM SIMM Installation

Following is the procedure for installing DRAM SIMMs:

Step 1 Turn OFF power, but to channel ESD voltages to ground, do not unplug the power cord.

Step 2 Attach an ESD-preventive wrist strap.

Step 3 Open the cover according to the procedure in the section "Opening the Chassis."

Step 4 Turn the chassis so the system board is opposite the position shown in Figure 5-3, with the primary memory DRAM SIMM socket toward you.

Step 5 Remove the existing DRAM SIMM (if installed) by pulling outward on the connectors to unlatch them (shown in Figure 5-4). Be careful not to break the holders on the connector.

Caution To prevent damage, do not push on the center of the SIMM. Handle the SIMM carefully.

Figure 5-4 : Removing and Replacing the DRAM SIMM

Step 6 Using the system board orientation shown in Figure 5-4, position the new SIMM so that the polarization notch is located at the right end of the SIMM socket. Note that the orientation of the system board is opposite of that shown in Figure 5-3.

Step 7 Insert the new DRAM SIMM by sliding the end with the metal fingers into the SIMM connector socket at approximately a 45-degree angle to the system card. Gently rock the SIMM back into place until the latch on either side snaps into place. Do not use excessive force, or the connector could break.

Step 8 Replace the router cover using the procedure in the section "Cover Replacement."

Step 9 Connect the router to a console terminal.

Step 10 Turn ON the power to the chassis. If error messages relating to memory are displayed, repeat Steps 1 through 7, taking care to firmly seat the SIMM in its socket.

Replacing System-Code SIMMs

The system code (software) is stored on Flash or PROM SIMMs. It might be necessary to upgrade the system-code SIMM if you're upgrading to a system code that is too large for the existing system-code SIMM.

The system contains two system-code SIMM slots labeled CODE0 and CODE1. You can upgrade the system-code SIMM by replacing the existing SIMM in the CODE0 slot or installing an additional SIMM in the CODE1 slot. Table 5-6 lists the SIMM slots, CODE0 and CODE1, and the proper placement of SIMMs for the desired total SIMM memory.

Table 5-6 : System-Code SIMM Memory Configurations

SIMM Slot CODE0	SIMM Slot CODE1	Total SIMM Memory
4 MB	0 MB	4 MB
4 MB	4 MB	8 MB
8 MB	0 MB	8 MB
8 MB	8 MB	16 MB

The 80-pin Flash and PROM SIMMs must be purchased from Cisco Systems. Contact a customer service representative for more information.