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System Image, Microcode Image, and Configuration File Load Commands
This chapter provides detailed descriptions of the commands used to load and copy system images, microcode images, and configuration files. System images contain the system software. Microcode images contain microcode to be downloaded to various hardware devices. Configuration files contain commands entered to customize the function of the router.
Table 3-1 Mapping Old Commands to New Commands
| Old Command | New Command |
|---|---|
| configure network | copy rcp running-config (for an rcp server) copy tftp running-config (for a TFTP server) |
| configure overwrite-network | copy rcp startup-config (for an rcp server) copy tftp startup-config (for a TFTP server) |
| copy erase flash | erase flash |
| copy verify or copy verify flash | verify flash (on all systems except Cisco 7500) verify (on Cisco 7000 and Cisco 7500) |
| copy verify bootflash | verify bootflash |
| show configuration | show startup-config |
| tftp-server system | tftp-server |
| write erase | erase startup-config |
| write memory | copy running-config startup-config |
| write network | copy running-config rcp (for an rcp server) copy running-config tftp (for a TFTP server) |
| write terminal | show running-config |
For router configuration information and examples, refer to the "Loading System Images, Microcode Images, and Configuration Files" chapter in the Router Products Configuration Guide.
To configure extended BOOTP requests for asynchronous interfaces as defined in RFC 1084, use the async-bootp global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to restore the default.
| tag | Item being requested; expressed as filename, integer, or IP dotted-decimal address. See Table 3-2 for possible values. |
| :hostname | (Optional) This entry applies only to the host specified. The argument :hostname accepts both an IP address and a logical host name. |
| data | List of IP addresses entered in dotted-decimal notation or as logical host names, a number, or a quoted string. |
Table 3-2 Async-BOOTP Tag Keywords
| Keyword | Description |
|---|---|
| bootfile | Specifies use of a server boot file from which to download the boot program. Use the optional :hostname and data arguments to specify the filename. |
| subnet-mask mask | Dotted-decimal address specifying the network and local subnetwork mask (as defined by RFC 950). |
| time-offset offset | Signed 32-bit integer specifying the time offset of the local subnetwork in seconds from Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). |
| gateway address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP addresses of gateways for this subnetwork. A preferred gateway should be listed first. |
| time-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of time servers (as defined by RFC 868). |
| IEN116-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of name servers (as defined by IEN 116). |
| DNS-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of Domain Name Servers (as defined by RFC 1034). |
| log-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of an MIT-LCS UDP log server. |
| quote-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of Quote of the Day servers (as defined in RFC 865). |
| lpr-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of Berkeley UNIX Version 4 BSD servers. |
| impress-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of Impress network image servers. |
| rlp-server address | Dotted-decimal address specifying the IP address of Resource Location Protocol (RLP) servers (as defined in RFC 887). |
| hostname name | The name of the client, which may or may not be domain qualified, depending upon the site. |
| bootfile-size value | A two-octet value specifying the number of 512-octet (byte) blocks in the default boot file. |
If no extended BOOTP commands are entered, the router software generates a gateway and subnet mask appropriate for the local network.
Global configuration
Use the EXEC command show async-bootp to list the configured parameters. Use the no
async-bootp command to clear the list.
The following example illustrates how to specify different boot files: one for a PC, and one for a Macintosh. With this configuration, a BOOTP request from the host on 128.128.1.1 results in a reply listing the boot filename as pcboot. A BOOTP request from the host named mac results in a reply listing the boot filename as macboot.
async-bootp bootfile :128.128.1.1 "pcboot" async-bootp bootfile :mac "macboot"
The following example specifies a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0:
async-bootp subnet-mask 255.255.0.0
The following example specifies a negative time offset of the local subnetwork of -3600 seconds:
async-bootp time-offset -3600
The following example specifies the IP address of a time server:
async-bootp time-server 128.128.1.1
To boot the router manually, use the boot ROM monitor command.
| filename | When used in conjunction with the ip-address argument, the filename argument is the name of the system image file to boot from a network server. The filename is case sensitive. (Optional) When used in conjunction with the flash keyword, the filename argument is the name of the system image file to boot from Flash memory. On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the system obtains the image file from internal Flash memory. On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the device: argument specifies the Flash memory device from which to obtain the system image. See the device: argument later in this table for valid device values. The filename is case sensitive. Without filename, the first valid file in Flash memory is loaded. |
| ip-address | (Optional) IP address of the TFTP server on which the system image resides. If omitted, this value defaults to the IP broadcast address of 255.255.255.255. |
| flash | (Optional) Boots the router from Flash memory. |
| device: | (Optional on all platforms except the Cisco 7500 series) On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the only valid value is flash. The colon (:) is required. On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) slot on the Cisco 7000 series Route Processor (RP) card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series Route Switch Processor (RSP) card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. The colon (:) is required. |
| partition-number: | Boots the router from Flash memory with the optional filename of the image you want loaded from the specified Flash partition. If you do not specify a filename, the first valid file in the specified partition of Flash memory is loaded. |
If you enter the boot command and press Return, the router boots from ROM by default.
If you enter the boot flash command without a filename, the first valid file in Flash memory is loaded.
For other defaults, see the Syntax Description section.
ROM monitor
Use this command only when your router cannot find the configuration information needed in nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM). To get to the ROM monitor prompt (>), enter the reload EXEC command, and then press the Break key during the first 60 seconds of startup, or change the boot bits in the configuration register to zero, for manual booting, and then issue the reload command.
Refer to the Cisco 7000 Hardware Installation and Maintenance publication for the correct jumper settings for the Cisco 7000 series.
In the following example, the router is manually booted from ROM:
> boot F3: (ROM Monitor copyrights)
In the following example, a router boots the file routertest from a network server with the IP address 131.108.15.112:
> boot routertest 131.108.15.112 F3: (ROM Monitor copyrights)
The following example shows the boot flash command without the filename argument.The first valid file in Flash memory is loaded.
> boot flash F3: 1858656+45204+166896 at 0x1000 Booting gs7-k from flash memory RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR [OK - 1903912/13765276 bytes] F3: 1858676+45204+166896 at 0x1000 (ROM Monitor copyrights)
In the following example, the boot flash command is used with the filename gs7-k. That is the file that will be loaded.
> boot flash gs7-k F3: 1858656+45204+166896 at 0x1000 Booting gs7-k from flash memory RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRR [OK - 1903912/13765276 bytes] F3: 1858676+45204+166896 at 0x1000 (ROM Monitor copyrights)
In the following example, the boot flash flash command boots the relocatable image file igs-bpx-l from partition 2 in Flash memory:
> boot flash flash:2:igs-bpx-l F3: 3562264+98228+303632 at 0x30000B4 (ROM Monitor copyrights)
To specify a Flash device and filename containing the rxboot image that ROM uses for booting, use the boot bootldr global configuration command. Use the no form of the command to remove this rxboot image specification.
| device: | Device containing the rxboot image that ROM uses. The colon (:) is required. Valid values are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series Route Processor (RP) card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series Route Switch Processor (RSP) card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| filename | Name of the rxboot image file. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
There is no default Flash device or filename.
Global configuration
Use this command only with the Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series. The boot bootldr command sets the BOOTLDR environment variable in the current running configuration. You must specify both the device and the filename.
The no form of the command sets the BOOTLDR environment variable to a null string. On the Cisco 7500 series, a null string causes the first image file in bootflash to be used as the rxboot image that ROM uses for booting.
In the following example, the internal Flash memory on a Cisco 7000 series contains the rxboot image:
boot bootldr flash:boot-image
The following example specifies that the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP or RSP card contains the rxboot image:
boot bootldr slot0:boot-image
copy running-config startup-config
show boot
show flash
To configure the filename that is used to boot a secondary bootstrap image, use the boot bootstrap global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to disable booting from a secondary bootstrap image.
| flash | Indicates that the router will be booted from Flash memory. |
| filename | (Optional with flash.) Name of the system image to boot from a network server. If you omit the filename when booting from Flash, the router uses the first system image stored in Flash memory. |
| mop | Indicates that the router will be booted from a system image stored on a DEC MOP server. |
| mac-address | (Optional) MAC address of the MOP server on which the file resides. If the MAC address argument is not included, a broadcast message is sent to all MOP boot servers. The first MOP server to indicate that it has the file will be the server from which the router gets the boot image. |
| interface | (Optional) Interface out which the router should send MOP requests to reach the MOP server. The interface options are async, dialer, Ethernet, loopback, null, serial, and tunnel. If the interface argument is not specified, a request will be sent on all interfaces that have MOP enabled, and the interface from which the first response is received will be used to load the software. |
| tftp | (Optional) Indicates that the router will be booted from a system image stored on a TFTP server. |
| ip-address | (Optional) IP address of the TFTP server on which the system image resides. If omitted, this value defaults to the IP broadcast address of 255.255.255.255. |
No secondary bootstrap
Global configuration
The boot bootstrap command, in conjunction with setting bit 9 on the configuration register of an AGS, CGS, or MGS router, causes the router to load a secondary bootstrap image over the network. The secondary bootstrap image then loads the specified system image file. The name of the secondary bootstrap file is boot-csc3 or boot-csc4, depending on the router model. See the appropriate hardware installation guide for details on the configuration register and secondary bootstrap filename.
Use this command when you have attempted to load a system image but have run out of memory even after compressing the system image. Secondary bootstrap allows you to load a larger system image through a smaller secondary image.
In the following example, the system image file sysimage-2 will be loaded by using a secondary bootstrap image:
boot bootstrap sysimage-2
To modify the buffer size used to load configuration files, use the boot buffersize global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to return to the default setting.
| bytes | Specifies the size of the buffer to be used. There is no minimum or maximum size that can be specified. |
Buffer size of the NVRAM
Global configuration
Normally, the router uses a buffer the size of the system NVRAM to hold configuration commands read from the network. You can increase this size if you have a very complex configuration.
The following example sets the buffer size to 64000:
configure terminal boot buffersize 64000
To specify the device and filename of the configuration file from which the router configures itself during initialization (startup), use the boot config global configuration command. Use the no form of the command to remove this specification.
| device: | Device containing the configuration file. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · nvram. The device is the router's nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM). If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The colon (:) is required. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| filename | Name of the configuration file. The configuration file must be an ASCII file. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
NVRAM (nvram:)
Global configuration
Use this command only with the Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series. You set the CONFIG_FILE environment variable in the current running memory when you use the boot config command. This variable specifies the configuration file used for initialization (startup).
If you specify nvram: as the device, and it contains only a distilled version of the configuration, the router displays an error message and does not update the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. (A distilled configuration is one that does not contain access lists.) If you specify a configuration file in the filename argument that does not exist or is not valid, the router displays an error message and does not update the CONFIG_FILE environment variable.
The router uses the NVRAM configuration during initialization when the CONFIG_FILE environment variable does not exist or when it is null (such as at first-time startup). If the router detects a problem with NVRAM or the configuration it contains, the router enters setup mode. Refer to the Router Products Getting Started Guide for more information on the setup command facility.
When you use the no form of this command, the router returns to using the NVRAM configuration as the startup configuration.
In the following example, the first line specifies that a Cisco 7000 series router should use the configuration file router-config located in internal Flash memory to configure itself during initialization. The second line copies the specification to the startup configuration, ensuring that this specification will take effect upon the next reload:
Router (config)# boot config flash:router-config ^Z Router# copy running-config startup-config
The following example instructs a Cisco 7500 series router to use the configuration file router-config located on the Flash memory card inserted in the second PCMCIA slot of the RSP card during initialization. The second line copies the specification to the startup configuration, ensuring that this specification will take effect upon the next reload:
Router (config)# boot config slot1:router-config ^Z Router# copy running-config startup-config
copy running-config startup-config
show boot
show flash
To change the default name of the host configuration filename from which you want to load configuration commands, use the boot host global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to restore the host configuration filename to the default.
| mop | Indicates that the router will be configured from a configuration file stored on a DEC MOP server. |
| filename | Name of the file from which you want to load configuration commands. |
| mac-address | (Optional) MAC address of the MOP server on which the file resides. If the MAC address argument is not included, a broadcast message is sent to all MOP boot servers. The first MOP server to indicate that it has the file will be the server from which the router gets the boot image. |
| interface | (Optional) Interface out which the router should send MOP requests to reach the MOP server. The interface options are async, dialer, ethernet, serial, and tunnel. If the interface argument is not specified, a request will be sent on all interfaces that have MOP enabled, and the interface from which the first response is received will be used to load the software. |
| tftp | (Optional) Indicates that the router will be configured from a configuration file stored on a TFTP server. |
| rcp | (Optional) Indicates that the router will be configured from a configuration file stored on an rcp server. |
| ip-address | (Optional) IP address of the TFTP server on which the file resides. If omitted, this value defaults to the IP broadcast address of 255.255.255.255. |
The router uses its host name to form a host configuration filename. To form this name, the router converts its name to all lowercase letters, removes all domain information, and appends confg.
Global configuration
Use the service config command to enable the loading of the specified configuration file at reboot time. Without this command, the router ignores the boot host command and uses the configuration information in NVRAM. If the configuration information in NVRAM is invalid or missing, the service config command is enabled automatically.
The network server will attempt to load two configuration files from remote hosts. The first is the network configuration file containing commands that apply to all network servers on a network. The second is the host configuration file containing commands that apply to one network server in particular.
The following example sets the host filename to wilma-confg at address 192.31.7.19:
boot host /usr/local/tftpdir/wilma-confg 192.31.7.19
To change the default name of the network configuration file from which you want to load configuration commands, use the boot network global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to restore the network configuration filename to the default.
| mop | Configures the router to download the configuration file from a network server using the Digital Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) protocol. |
| filename | Name of the file from which you want to load configuration commands. The default filename is network-config. |
| mac-address | (Optional) If mop is specified, the MAC address of the network server on which the file resides. If the MAC address argument is not included, a broadcast message is sent to all MOP boot servers. The first server to indicate that it has the file will be the server from which the router gets the boot image. |
| interface | (Optional) If mop is specified, the interface out which the router should send MOP requests to reach the server. The interface options are async, dialer, ethernet, serial, and tunnel. If the interface argument is not specified, a request will be sent on all interfaces that have MOP enabled, and the interface from which the first response is received will be used to load the software. |
| tftp | (Optional) Configures the router to download the configuration file from a network server using TFTP. If omitted and rcp is not specified, defaults to tftp. |
| rcp | (Optional) Configures the router to download the configuration file from a network server using rcp. If omitted, defaults to tftp. |
| ip-address | (Optional) If rcp or tftp is specified, the IP address of the network server on which the compressed image file resides. If the IP address is omitted, this value defaults to the IP broadcast address of 255.255.255.255. |
The default filename is network-config. The default transfer protocol type is TFTP, if neither tftp nor rcp is specified.
Global configuration
When booting from a network server, routers ignore routing information, static IP routes, and bridging information. As a result, intermediate routers are responsible for handling rcp or TFTP requests correctly. Before booting from a network server, verify that a server is available by using the ping command.
Use the service config command to enable the loading of the specified configuration file at reboot time. Without this command, the router ignores the boot network command and uses the configuration information in NVRAM. If the configuration information in NVRAM is invalid or missing, the service config command is enabled automatically.
The network server will attempt to load two configuration files from remote hosts. The first is the network configuration file containing commands that apply to all network servers on a network. Use the boot network command to identify the network configuration file.
The rcp software requires that a client send the remote username on each rcp request to the network server. When the boot network rcp command is executed, the router software sends the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames. The rcp implementation searches for the configuration files to be used relative to the account directory of the remote username on the network server, if the server has a directory structure, for example, as do UNIX systems.
If you copy the system image to a personal computer used as a file server, the remote host computer must support the remote shell (rsh) protocol.
The following example changes the network configuration filename to bridge_9.1 and uses the default broadcast address:
boot network bridge_9.1 service config
The following example changes the network configuration filename to bridge_9.1, specifies that rcp is to be used as the transport mechanism, and gives 131.108.1.111 as the IP address of the server on which the network configuration file resides:
boot network rcp bridge_9.1 131.108.1.111 service config
To specify the system image that the router loads at startup, use one of the following boot system global configuration commands. Use a no form of this command to remove the startup system image specification.
| flash | On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, this keyword boots the router from internal Flash memory. If you omit all arguments that follow this keyword, the system searches internal Flash for the first bootable image. On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, this keyword boots the router from a Flash device, as specified by the device: argument. On the Cisco 7000 series, when you omit all arguments that follow this keyword, the system searches internal Flash and then the PCMCIA slots (starting with slot 0) for the first bootable image. On the Cisco 7500 series, when you omit all arguments that follow this keyword, the system searches the PCMCIA slot 0 for the first bootable image. |
| device: | (Optional) Device containing the system image to load at startup. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory. Optionally, use this device on all platforms except the Cisco 7500 series. The flash option is the only valid device option for all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series. For the Cisco 7000 series, this device is the default if you do not specify a device. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. For the Cisco 7500 series, this device is the default if you do not specify a device. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| partition-number: | (Optional) Number of the Flash memory partition that boots the router with the image specified by the optional filename argument. If you do not specify a filename, the router loads the first valid file in the specified partition of Flash memory. This argument is not used with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series. |
| filename | (Optional when used with boot system flash.) Name of the system image to load at startup. It is case sensitive. If you do not specify a filename, the router loads the first valid file in the specified Flash device, the specified partition of Flash memory, or the default Flash device if you also omit the device: argument. |
| mop | Boots the router from a system image stored on a Digital MOP server. Do not use this keyword with the Cisco 7500 series. |
| mac-address | (Optional) Media Access Control (MAC) address of the MOP server containing the specified system image file. If you do not include the MAC address argument, the router sends a broadcast message to all MOP boot servers. The first MOP server to indicate that it has the specified file will be the server from which the router gets the boot image. |
| interface | (Optional) Interface the router uses to send out MOP requests to the MOP server. The interface options are async, dialer, ethernet, serial, and tunnel. If you do not specify the interface argument, the router sends a request out on all interfaces that have MOP enabled. The interface that receives the first response is the interface the router uses to load the software. |
| rom | Boots the router from ROM. Do not use this keyword with the Cisco 7500 series. |
| rcp | (Optional) Boots the router from a system image stored on a network server using rcp. If you omit this keyword, the transport mechanism defaults to tftp. |
| tftp | (Optional) Boots the router from a system image stored on a TFTP server. This is the default when you do not specify any keyword (flash, mop, rom, tftp, or rcp). |
| ip-address | (Optional) IP address of the TFTP server containing the system image file. If omitted, this value defaults to the IP broadcast address of 255.255.255.255. |
If you do not specify a system image file with the boot system command, the router uses the configuration register settings to determine the default system image filename for booting from a network server. The router forms the default boot filename by starting with the word cisco and then appending the octal equivalent of the boot field number in the configuration register, followed by a hyphen (-) and the processor type name (cisconn-cpu). See the appropriate hardware installation guide for details on the configuration register and default filename. See also the command config-register. See also the "Syntax Description" section preceding this section.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, if you omit a keyword (flash, mop, rom, rcp, or tftp) from the boot system command, the system defaults to booting from a system image stored on a TFTP server.
Global configuration
For this command to work, the config-register command must be set properly.
Enter several boot system commands to provide a fail-safe method for booting your router. The router stores and executes the boot system commands in the order in which you enter them in the configuration file. If you enter multiple boot commands of the same type---for example, if you enter two commands that instruct the router to boot from different network servers---then the router tries them in the order in which they appear in the configuration file. Use the boot system rom command to specify use of the ROM system image as a backup to other boot commands in the configuration.
Each time you write a new software image to Flash memory, you must delete the existing filename in the configuration file with the no boot system flash filename command. Then add a new line in the configuration file with the boot system flash filename command.
You can boot the router from a compressed image on a network server. When a network server boots software, both the image being booted and the running image must fit into memory. Use compressed images to ensure that enough memory is available to boot the router. You can compress a software image on any UNIX platform using the compress command. Refer to your UNIX platform's documentation for the exact usage of the compress command. (You can also uncompress data with the UNIX uncompress command.)
The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username in an rcp request to a server. When the router executes the boot system rcp command, by default the router software sends the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames. The rcp software searches for the system image to boot from the remote server relative to the directory of the remote username (if the server has a directory structure as UNIX systems do, for example).
For the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the boot system command modifies the BOOT environment variable in the running configuration. The BOOT environment variable specifies a list of bootable images on various devices.
For routers with the RP card (Cisco 7000 series), valid devices are flash and slot0. On the Cisco 7000 series, the following forms of the boot system command specify a list of bootable images in the BOOT environment variable:
You can omit the device flash: from the boot system flash flash:[filename] command because the default device on a Cisco 7000 series is flash. Therefore, boot system flash [filename] is the same as boot system flash flash:[filename].
For routers with the RSP card (Cisco 7500 series), valid devices are bootflash, slot0, slot1, and tftp. On the Cisco 7500 series, the following forms of the boot system command specify a list of bootable images in the BOOT environment variable:
If an entry in the BOOT environment variable list does not specify a device, the router assumes the device is tftp. When tftp is the device, the router first loads the rxboot image to boot the system image file from a network server. If an entry in the BOOT environment variable list specifies an invalid device, the router skips that entry. To view the contents of the BOOT environment variable, use the show boot command.
To remove a single entry from the bootable image list, use the no form of a specific command. For example, to remove the entry that specifies a bootable image on a Flash memory card inserted in the second slot of the RSP card, use the no boot system flash slot1:[filename] command. All other entries in the list remain.
To eliminate all entries in the bootable image list, use the no boot system command. Issuing this command sets the BOOT environment variable to a null string, wiping out all entries. At this point, you can redefine the list of bootable images using the previous boot system commands. Remember to save your changes to your startup configuration by issuing the copy running-config startup-config command.
The following example illustrates a list specifying two possible internetwork locations for a system image, with the ROM software being used as a backup:
boot system cs3-rx.90-1 192.31.7.24 boot system cs3-rx.83-2 192.31.7.19 boot system rom
The following example boots the system boot relocatable image file igs-bpx-l from partition 2 of the Flash device:
boot system flash flash:2:igs-bpx-l
The following example instructs the router to boot from and image located on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the Cisco 7000 RP card or the Cisco 7500 series RSP card:
boot system flash slot0:new-config
config-register
copy flash rcp
copy flash tftp
copy rcp flash
copy running-config startup-config
copy tftp flash
ip rcmd remote-username
show boot
To set the default Flash device for the system, use the cd EXEC command.
| device: | (Optional) Default device. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. For the Cisco 7000 series, this device is the initial default device and the default device when you omit the device: argument. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. For the Cisco 7500 series, this device is the initial default device and the default device when you omit the device: argument. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
For the Cisco 7000 series, flash is the initial default device and the default device when you omit the device: argument.
For the Cisco 7500 series, slot0 is the initial default device and the default device when you omit the device: argument.
EXEC
Use this command only with the Cisco 7000 series or the Cisco 7500 series. For all EXEC commands that have an optional device: argument, the system uses the device specified by the cd command when you omit the optional device: argument. For example, the dir command contains an optional device: argument and displays a list of files on a Flash memory device. When you omit this device: argument, the system shows a list of the files on the Flash device specified by the cd command.
The following example sets the default device to the Flash memory card inserted in the slot 0 of the RP or RSP card:
cd slot0:
copy
delete
dir
pwd
show flash
undelete
To change the router configuration register settings, use the config-register global configuration command.
| value | Hexadecimal or decimal value that represents the 16-bit configuration register value you want to use the next time the router is restarted. The value range is from 0x0 to 0xFFFF (0 to 65535 in decimal). |
For the router models without Flash memory, the default is 0x101, which causes the router to boot from ROM and the Break key to be ignored. For router models with Flash memory, the default is 0x10F, which causes the router to boot from Flash memory and the Break key to be ignored.
Global configuration
This command applies only to the Cisco 2000, Cisco 3000, Cisco 4000 series, or to the Cisco 7000 series. All other models use a hardware configuration register.
The lowest four bits of the configuration register (bits 3, 2, 1, and 0) form the boot field. The boot field determines if the router boots manually, from ROM, or from Flash or the network. Bit 8 controls the console Break key; when set to 1, it causes the Break key to be ignored. The remaining bits control other features of the router and are typically set to 0.
To change the boot field value and leave all other bits set to their default values, follow these guidelines:
For more information about the configuration register bit settings and default filenames, see the appropriate router hardware installation guide.
In the following example, the configuration register is set to boot the system image from Flash memory:
config-register 0x010F
To enter global configuration mode, use the configure privileged EXEC command. You must be in global configuration mode to enter global configuration commands.
| terminal | Executes configuration commands from the terminal. |
| memory | For all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, executes the commands stored in NVRAM. For the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, executes the configuration specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. |
| network | The copy rcp running-config or copy tftp running-config command replaces the configure network command. If you use rcp, see the copy rcp command for more information on copy rcp running-config. If you use TFTP, see the copy tftp command for more information on copy tftp running-config. |
For all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, there is no default.
For the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the router uses the NVRAM configuration (if valid) when the CONFIG_FILE environment variable does not exist or is null (such as at first-time startup).
Privileged EXEC
If you do not specify terminal or memory, the router prompts you for the source of configuration commands. If you specify terminal, the router executes the commands you enter at the system prompts.
On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, if you specify memory, the router executes the commands located in NVRAM. On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, if you specify memory, the router executes the commands pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the device and filename of the configuration file that the router uses to configure itself during initialization. Possible devices are as follows:
When the CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies NVRAM, the router executes the NVRAM configuration only if it is an entire configuration, not a distilled version. A distilled configuration is one that does not contain access lists.
To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command and then save your changes by issuing the copy running-config startup-config command.
After you enter the configure command, the system prompt changes from
<router-name>#
to
<router-name>(config)#
, indicating that you are in global configuration mode. To leave global configuration mode and return to the privileged EXEC prompt, press Ctrl-Z.
In the following example, the router is configured from the terminal:
Router# configure
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#
In the following example, a Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series router executes the commands pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable:
configure memory
boot config
copy running-config startup-config
show boot
show running-config
show startup-config
The copy rcp startup-config or copy tftp startup-config command replaces the configure overwrite-network command. If you use rcp, see the copy rcp command for more information on copy rcp startup-config. If you use TFTP, see the copy tftp command for more information on copy tftp startup-config.
To return to the EXEC mode from ROM monitor mode, use the continue ROM monitor command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
ROM monitor
Use this command when you are in ROM monitor mode, and you want to return to EXEC mode to use the system image instead of reloading. On most platforms, the angle bracket (>) indicates that you are in ROM monitor mode. On the Cisco 1003, Cisco 4500, and Cisco 7500, rommon> is the default ROM monitor prompt. Typically, you are in ROM monitor mode when you manually load a system image or perform diagnostic tests. Otherwise, you will most likely never be in this mode.
In the following example, the continue command takes you from ROM monitor to EXEC mode:
> continue Router#
On the Cisco 7000 series or the Cisco 7500 series, to copy any file from a Flash device or NVRAM to another destination, use the following copy EXEC command:
| file_id | Specifies a device:filename as the source or destination of the copy operation. The device is optional; but when it is used, the colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash:. This device is the internal Flash memory on the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0:. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · nvram:. This device is the router's NVRAM. If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The filename is the name of the source or destination file. You must always provide a source filename. You can omit the destination filename, in which case the system uses the source filename. Wildcards are not permitted. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
| running-config | Specifies the currently running configuration as the destination of the copy operation. |
| startup-config | Specifies the configuration used for initialization as the destination of the copy operation. (Note that the CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the startup configuration on a Cisco 7000 series and a Cisco 7500 series.) |
If you omit the source or destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.
EXEC
Use this copy command with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the copy commands generally copy a file from a source to a destination. Some invalid combinations exist. Specifically, you cannot copy a running configuration to a running configuration, a startup configuration to a startup configuration, or TFTP to rcp.
When the destination is specified by the CONFIG_FILE or BOOTLDR environment variable, the router prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy. When the destination is the only valid image in the BOOT environment variable, the router also prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy.
The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration used during router initialization. The BOOTLDR environment variable specifies the Flash device and filename containing the rxboot image that ROM uses for booting. The BOOT environment variable specifies a list of bootable images on various devices. To view the contents of environment variables, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To modify the BOOTLDR environment variable use the boot bootldr command. To modify the BOOT environment variable, use the boot system command. To save your modifications, use the copy running-config startup-config command.
If you do not specify a source or destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.
The following example copies the router-config1 file from the internal Flash memory of a Cisco 7500 series router to the router-backupconfig file on the Flash memory card inserted in the first slot of the RSP card:
copy bootflash:router-config1 slot0:router-backupconfig
In the following example, the router copies the router-image file from the Flash memory card inserted in the slot 0 of the RP or RSP card on a Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series, respectively, to the startup configuration:
copy slot0:router-image startup-config
The following example copies the NVRAM configuration file to the router-backupconfig file on the Flash memory card inserted in slot0 of the RP or RSP card:
copy nvram: slot0:router-backupconfig
boot config
copy running-config startup-config
delete
dir
show boot
verify
To copy a bootstrap image from Flash memory to a network server on the Cisco 4500 series, use the copy bootflash EXEC command.
| rcp | Specifies a copy operation to a network server using rcp. |
| tftp | Specifies a TFTP server as the destination of the copy operation. |
EXEC
Use this command only on the Cisco 4500 router. You can use the network server copy of the bootstrap image as a backup copy or to verify that the copy in Flash memory is the same as the original file.
Use the copy bootflash rcp command to copy a bootstrap image from Flash memory to a network server using rcp. The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy bootflash rcp command, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.
If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames. To specify a different remote username to be sent to the rcp server, use the
ip rcmd remote-username command. The rcp software copies the bootstrap image to an appropriate remote server. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.
If you copy the bootstrap image to a personal computer used as a file server, the remote host computer must support rcp.
Use the copy bootflash tftp command to copy a bootflash image from Flash memory to a TFTP server.
The following example shows how to use the copy bootflash rcp command on a Cisco 4500 router:
Router(config)# ip rcmd remote-username netadmin1
Router# copy bootflash rcp
System flash directory, partition 2:
File Length Name/status
1 984 junk
[1048 bytes used, 8387560 available, 8388608 total]
Address or name of remote host [223.255.254.254]?
Source file name? junk
Destination file name [junk]? junk
Verifying checksum for 'junk' (file # 1)... OK
Copy 'junk' from Flash to server
as 'junk'? [yes/no]y
-
Upload to server done
Flash copy took 0:00:00 [hh:mm:ss]
You will see a spinning line during the copy process.
The following example illustrates how to use the copy bootflash tftp command on a Cisco 4500 router:
Router# copy bootflash tftp
System flash directory, partition 2:
File Length Name/status
1 984 junk
[1048 bytes used, 8387560 available, 8388608 total]
Address or name of remote host [223.255.254.254]?
Source file name? junk
Destination file name [junk]? junk
Verifying checksum for 'junk' (file # 1)... OK
Copy 'junk' from Flash to server
as 'junk'? [yes/no]y
-
Upload to server done
Flash copy took 0:00:00 [hh:mm:ss]
copy mop bootflash
copy rcp bootflash
copy tftp bootflash
verify bootflash
erase bootflash
ip rcmd remote-username
show bootflash
To copy a file from Flash memory to another destination, use one of the following copy flash EXEC commands:
| rcp | Specifies a copy operation to a network server using rcp. |
| tftp | Specifies a TFTP server as the destination of the copy operation. |
| file_id | Specifies a device:filename as the destination of the copy operation. The device argument is optional; but when it is used, the colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash:. This device is the internal Flash memory on the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0:. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · nvram:. This device is the router's NVRAM. If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The colon (:) is required. The filename argument is the name of the destination file. You must always provide a source filename. You can omit the destination filename, in which case the system uses the source filename. Wildcards are not permitted. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.
EXEC
On all platforms except the Cisco 7500 series, the copy flash command copies from internal Flash memory.
On the Cisco 7500 series, the copy flash command copies from one of the three Flash memory devices on the Cisco 7500 series. The system prompts you to enter a specific device and filename. You can enter one of the following as the source device on the Cisco 7500 series:
You must follow the source device with a colon (:) and a filename.
Use the copy flash rcp command to copy a system image from Flash memory to a network server using rcp. You can use the copy of the system image as a backup copy. You can also use it to verify that the copy in Flash memory is the same as the original file.
The rcp software requires that a client send the remote username on each rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy flash rcp command, by default the router software sends the remote username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.
If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.
To specify a different remote username to be sent to the server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.
If you copy the system image to a personal computer used as a file server, the computer must support the rsh protocol.
Use the copy flash tftp command to copy a system image from Flash memory to a TFTP server. As with the copy flash rcp command, you can use the copy of the system image as a backup or to verify that the copy in Flash is the same as the original file.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the copy commands generally copy a file from a source to a destination. Some invalid combinations exist. Specifically, you cannot copy a running configuration to a running configuration, a startup configuration to a startup configuration, or TFTP to rcp. If you do not specify a source or destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, when the destination is also specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the router prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration used during router initialization. To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications to the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the copy running-config startup-config command.
The following example shows how to use the copy flash rcp command on a Cisco 4500 router:
Router# configure terminal Router# ip rcmd remote-username netadmin1 Ctrl-Z Router# copy flash rcp System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 984 junk [1048 bytes used, 8387560 available, 8388608 total] Address or name of remote host [223.255.254.254]? Source file name? junk Destination file name [junk]? junk Verifying checksum for 'junk' (file # 1)... OK Copy 'junk' from Flash to server as 'junk'? [yes/no]y - Upload to server done Flash copy took 0:00:00 [hh:mm:ss]
You will see a spinning line during the copy process.
The following example illustrates how to use the copy flash rcp command:
Router# copy flash rcp IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 101.2.13.110 Name of file to copy? gsxx writing gsxx - copy complete
The following example illustrates how to use the copy flash rcp command when copying from a particular partition of Flash memory:
Router# copy flash rcp
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
[ Type ?<number> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]
Which partition? [default = 1]
The system will prompt if there are two or more partitions. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You have the option to enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for a directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first partition.
System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total] Address or name of remote host [ABC.CISCO.COM]? Source file name?
The file will be copied from the partition given by the user earlier:
Destination file name [default = source name]? Verifying checksum for 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' (file # 1)... OK Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from Flash to server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3'? [yes/no] yes
The following example illustrates how to use the copy flash tftp command:
Router# copy flash tftp IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 101.2.13.110 Name of file to copy? gsxx writing gsxx - copy complete
The following example illustrates how to use the copy flash tftp command when copying from a particular partition of Flash memory:
Router# copy flash tftp
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
[Type ?<number> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]
Which partition? [default = 1]
The system will prompt if there are two or more partitions. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You have the option to enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for a directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first partition.
System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total] Address or name of remote host [ABC.CISCO.COM]? Source file name?
The file will be copied from the partition given by the user earlier:
Destination file name [default = source name]? Verifying checksum for 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' (file # 1)... OK Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from Flash to server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3'? [yes/no] yes
The following example shows how to use the copy flash command on the Cisco 7000 series or the Cisco 7500 series:
copy flash slot0:new-config
boot config
boot system flash
cd
copy running-config startup-config
ip rcmd remote-username
show boot
To copy a file from a MOP server to the router, use one of the following the copy mop EXEC commands:
| bootflash | Specifies to copy a bootstrap image from a MOP server to internal Flash memory on a Cisco 4500 series. |
| flash | Specifies internal Flash memory as the destination of the copy operation. |
None
EXEC
The Cisco 7500 series does not support the copy mop command.
Use the copy mop bootflash command to copy a bootstrap image from a MOP server to the internal Flash memory on a Cisco 4500 series router. The router prompts for the name of the image file. It provides an option to erase the existing boot image in Flash before writing the new image into Flash. If no free space is available, or if files have never been written to Flash memory, you must erase Flash memory before copying the MOP image.
You do not need to specify the address of a MOP server. The router automatically solicits a MOP boot server for the specified file by sending a multicast file-request message.
The copying process takes several minutes; the actual time differs from network to network.
Before booting from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the image in Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file that was distributed with the boot software image. The checksum of the boot image in Flash memory is displayed when the copy mop bootflash command completes. The README file was copied to the MOP server automatically when you installed the boot software image.
Use the copy mop flash command to copy a system image from a MOP server to internal Flash memory. MOP must be enabled on the relevant interfaces before you can use this command.
The router prompts for the MOP filename. It provides an option to erase existing Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and will differ from network to network.
Before booting from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the image in Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file that was distributed with the system software image. The checksum of the image in Flash memory is displayed at the bottom of the screen when you issue the copy mop flash command.
The following example shows a sample output from the copy mop flash command. In this example, the system image junk, which already exists in Flash memory, is copied to Flash memory, and there is enough memory to copy the file without erasing any existing files.
Router# copy mop flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 984 junk [deleted]
2 984 junk
[2096 bytes used, 8386512 available, 8388608 total]
Source file name? junk
Destination file name [junk]?
Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]
Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm]
Copy 'junk' from server
as 'junk' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]yes
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Loading junk from 1234.5678.9abc via Ethernet0: !
[OK - 984/8388608 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0x14B3)
Flash copy took 0:00:01 [hh:mm:ss]
The following example shows sample output resulting from copying a system image into a partition of Flash memory. The system will prompt only if there are two or more read/write partitions or one read-only and one read/write partition and dual Flash bank support in boot ROMs. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You have the option to enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for a directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first read/write partition.
Router# copy mop flash
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
[Type ?<no> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]
Which partition? [default = 2]
If the partition is read-only and has dual Flash bank support in boot ROMs, the session continues as follows:
**** NOTICE ****
Flash load helper v1.0
This process will accept the copy options and then terminate
the current system image to use the ROM based image for the copy.
Routing functionality will not be available during that time.
If you are logged in via telnet, this connection will terminate.
Users with console access can see the results of the copy operation.
---- ******** ----
Proceed? [confirm]
System flash directory, partition 1:
File Length Name/status
1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3
[3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total]
Source file name? master/igs-bfpx-100.4.3
Destination file name [default = source name]?
The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:
Loading master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 from 131.108.1.111: ! Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure? [confirm] Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from MOP server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes
If the partition is read-write, the session continues as follows:
System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total] Source file name? master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 Destination file name [default = source name]?
The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:
Loading master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 from 131.108.1.111: ! Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure? [confirm] Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from MOP server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes
The following example shows how to use the copy mop bootflash command to copy the bootstrap image junk:
Router# copy mop bootflash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 984 junk [deleted]
2 984 junk
[2096 bytes used, 8386512 available, 8388608 total]
Source file name? junk
Destination file name [junk]?
Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]
Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm]
Copy 'junk' from server
as 'junk' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]yes
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Loading junk from 1234.5678.9abc via Ethernet0: !
[OK - 984/8388608 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0x14B3)
Flash copy took 0:00:01 [hh:mm:ss]
boot config
boot system flash
cd
copy bootflash tftp
copy flash tftp
copy tftp bootflash
delete
dir
erase bootflash
show boot
show bootflash
verify
verify bootflash
verify flash
To copy a file from a network server to the router or to another destination using rcp, use one of the following copy rcp EXEC commands. The copy rcp running-config command replaces the configure network command. The copy rcp startup-config command replaces the configure overwrite-network command.
| bootflash | Specifies to copy a bootstrap image from a network server to Flash memory on a Cisco 4500 series using rcp. |
| flash | Specifies internal Flash memory as the destination of the copy operation. The Cisco 7500 series cannot use this keyword; all other platforms can. |
| running-config | Specifies the currently running configuration as the destination of the copy operation. |
| startup-config | Specifies the configuration used for initialization as the destination of the copy operation. |
| file_id | Specifies a device:filename as the destination of the copy operation. The device argument is optional; but when it is used, the colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash:. This device is the internal Flash memory on the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0:. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · nvram:. This device is the router's NVRAM. If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The colon (:) is required. The Cisco 7000 series cannot use this keyword. The filename argument is the name of the destination file. You must always provide a source filename. You can omit the destination filename, in which case the system uses the source filename. Wildcards are not permitted. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.
EXEC
The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue one of the copy rcp commands, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.
If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames. To specify a different remote username to be sent to the rcp server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.
If you copy a bootstrap image, system image, or configuration file from a personal computer used as a file server, the remote host computer must support rsh protocol.
Use the copy rcp bootflash command to copy a bootstrap image from a network server to Flash memory on a Cisco 4500 router using rcp. The router prompts for the name or address of the server and the name of the file to be copied. It provides an option to erase existing Flash memory before writing onto it, and allows you to confirm the erasure. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.
Before loading the router from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the bootstrap image in Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file that was distributed with the system software image.
The checksum of the bootstrap image in Flash memory is displayed at the bottom of the screen when you issue the copy rcp bootflash command. The README file was copied to the server automatically when you installed the system software.
Use the copy rcp flash to copy a system image from a network server to the router's internal Flash memory using rcp. The router prompts for the address of the rcp server and rcp filename. When you issue this command, the system provides an option to erase existing Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.
Before booting from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the image in internal Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file that was distributed with the system software image. The checksum of the image in Flash memory is displayed at the bottom of the screen when you issue the copy rcp flash command. The README file was copied to the rcp server automatically when you installed the system software image.
Use the copy rcp running-config command to copy a configuration file from a network server to the router's running configuration environment using rcp. You can copy either a host configuration file or a network configuration file. Accept the default value of host to copy and load a host configuration file containing commands that apply to one network server in particular. Enter network to copy and load a network configuration file containing commands that apply to all network servers on a network.
Use the copy rcp startup-configuration command to copy a host or network configuration file from a network server to the router's startup configuration environment using rcp. Accept the default value of host to copy and store a host configuration file containing commands that apply to one network server in particular. Enter network to copy and store a network configuration file containing commands that apply to all network servers on a network.
On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the copy rcp startup-config command copies a configuration file from the network server to NVRAM. On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the command copies a configuration file from the network server to the location specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration used during router initialization.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the copy commands generally copy a file from a source to a destination. Some invalid combinations exist. Specifically, you cannot copy a running configuration to a running configuration, a startup configuration to a startup configuration, or TFTP to rcp.
On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the copy rcp command generally copies a file from a network server to another destination using rcp. If you do not specify a source or destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.
On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, when the destination is also specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the router prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy. To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications, use the copy running-config startup-config command.
The following example shows how to use the copy rcp bootflash command on a Cisco 4500 router:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip rcmd remote-username netadmin1
Ctrl-Z
Router# copy rcp bootflash
Boot flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 2622607 c4500-xboot
[2622672 bytes used, 1571632 available, 4194304 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 223.255.254.254
Source file name? c4500-xboot.101
Destination file name [c4500-xboot.101]?
Accessing file 'c4500-xboot.101' on 223.255.254.254...
Loading c4500-xboot.101 from 223.255.254.254 (via Ethernet0): -[OK]
Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]
Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm]
Copy 'c4500-xboot.101' from TFTP server into
bootflash as 'c4500-xboot.101' WITH erase? [yes/no] yes
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Loading c4500-xboot.101 from 223.255.254.254 (via Ethernet0):-
[OK - 2622607/4194304 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0xE408)
Flash copy took 0:00:10 [hh:mm:ss]
You will see a spinning line during the copy process.
The following example shows how to use the copy rcp flash command on a Cisco 4500 system. The interface might differ slightly on other systems. This example copies a system image named junk from the netadmin1 directory on the remote server named SERVER1.CISCO.COM with an IP address of 131.108.101.101 to the router's Flash memory. To ensure that enough Flash memory is available to accommodate the system image to be copied, the router software allows you to erase the contents of Flash memory first.
Router1# configure terminal Router1(config)# rcmd remote-username netadmin1 Ctrl-Z Router# copy rcp flash System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 984 junk [deleted] 2 984 junk [2096 bytes used, 8386512 available, 8388608 total] Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.101.101 Source file name? junk Destination file name [junk]? Accessing file 'junk' on 131.108.101.101... Loading dirt/ssangiah/junk .from 131.108.101.101 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK] Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm] Copy 'junk' from server as 'junk' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]yes Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased Loading junk from 131.108.101.101 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK - 984/8388608 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x14B3) Flash copy took 0:00:01 [hh:mm:ss]
The following example shows sample output resulting from copying a system image into a partition of Flash memory. The system prompts only if there are two or more read/write partitions or one read-only and one read/write partition and dual Flash bank support in boot ROMs. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You have the option to enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for a directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first read/write partition.
Router# copy rcp flash
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
[Type ?<no> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]
Which partition? [default = 2]
If the partition is read-only and has dual Flash bank support in boot ROM, the session continues as follows:
**** NOTICE ****
Flash load helper v1.0
This process will accept the copy options and then terminate
the current system image to use the ROM based image for the copy.
Routing functionality will not be available during that time.
If you are logged in via telnet, this connection will terminate.
Users with console access can see the results of the copy operation.
---- ******** ----
Proceed? [confirm]
System flash directory, partition 1:
File Length Name/status
1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3
[3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.1.1
Source file name? master/igs-bfpx-100.4.3
Destination file name [default = source name]?
The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:
Loading master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 from 131.108.1.111: ! Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure? [confirm] Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from TFTP server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes
If the partition is read-write, the session continues as follows:
System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total] Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.1.1 Source file name? master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 Destination file name [default = source name]?
The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:
Accessing file 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' on ABC.CISCO.COM... Loading master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 from 131.108.1.111: ! Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure? [confirm] Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from TFTP server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes
The following example shows how to use the copy rcp running-config command on a Cisco 4500 system. The interface might differ slightly on other systems. This example specifies a remote username of netadmin1. Then it copies and runs a host configuration filename host1-confg from the netadmin1 directory on the remote server with an IP address of 131.108.101.101.
Router# configure terminal Router(config)# ip rcmd remote-username netadmin1 Ctrl-Z Router# copy rcp running-config Host or network configuration file [host]? Address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.101.101 Name of configuration file [Router-confg]? host1-confg Configure using host1-confg from 131.108.101.101? [confirm] Connected to 131.108.101.101 Loading 1112 byte file host1-confg:![OK] Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG: Configured from host1-config by rcp from 131.108.101.101
The following example shows how to use copy rcp startup-config command on a Cisco 4000 system. The interface might differ slightly on other systems. This example specifies a remote username of netadmin1. Then it copies and stores a host configuration file host2-confg from the netadmin1 directory on the remote server with an IP address of 131.108.101.101.
Router# configure terminal Router(config)# ip rcmd remote-username netadmin1 Ctrl-Z Router# copy rcp startup-config Host or network configuration file [host]? Address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.101.101 Name of configuration file[rtr2-confg]? host2-confg Configure using rtr2-confg from 131.108.101.101?[confirm] Connected to 131.108.101.101 Loading 1112 byte file rtr2-confg:![OK] [OK] Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG_NV:Non-volatile store configured from rtr2-config by rcp from 131.108.101.101
The following example uses the copy rcp file_id command to copy the router-image file from a network server using rcp to the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP or RSP card:
copy rcp slot0:router-image
boot config
boot system flash
cd
copy flash rcp
copy running-config rcp
copy running-config startup-config
copy startup-config rcp
ip rcmd remote-username
show boot
verify flash
To copy the router's running configuration file to another destination, use one of the following copy running-config EXEC commands. The copy running-config startup-config command replaces the write memory command. The copy running-config rcp or copy running-config tftp command replaces the write network command.
| rcp | Specifies a copy operation to a network server using rcp. |
| startup-config | Specifies the configuration used for initialization as the destination of the copy operation. The Cisco 4500 series cannot use this keyword. |
| tftp | Specifies a TFTP server as the destination of the copy operation. |
| file_id | Specifies a device:filename as the destination of the copy operation. The device argument is optional; but when it is used, the colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash:. This device is the internal Flash memory on the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0:. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · nvram:. This device is the router's NVRAM. If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The colon (:) is required. The Cisco 7000 series cannot use this keyword. The filename argument is the name of the destination file. You must always provide a source filename. You can omit the destination filename, in which case the system uses the source filename. Wildcards are not permitted. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.
EXEC
Use the copy running-config {rcp | tftp} command to copy the current configuration file to a network server using rcp or TFTP. The configuration file copy can serve as a backup copy. You are prompted for a destination host and filename.
The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy running-config rcp command, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.
If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.
To specify a different remote username to be sent to the server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.
If you copy the configuration file to a personal computer used as a file server, the computer must support the rsh protocol.
To run this command, the router must contain Flash memory.
On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the copy running-config startup-config command copies the currently running configuration to NVRAM. Use this command in conjunction with the reload command to restart the router with the configuration information stored in NVRAM.
If you issue the copy running-config startup-config command from a bootstrap system image, you receive a warning instructing you to indicate whether you want your previous NVRAM configuration to be overwritten and configuration commands lost. This warning does not appear if NVRAM contains an invalid configuration or if the previous configuration in NVRAM was generated by a bootstrap system image.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the copy commands generally copy a file from a source to a destination. Some invalid combinations exist. Specifically, you cannot copy a running configuration to a running configuration, a startup configuration to a startup configuration, or TFTP to rcp.
On the Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series, the copy running-config startup-config command copies the currently running configuration to the location specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. This variable specifies the device and configuration file used for initialization. When the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to NVRAM or when this variable does not exist (such as at first-time startup), the router writes the current configuration to NVRAM. If the current configuration is too large for NVRAM, the router displays a message and stops executing the command. Use this command in conjunction with the reload command to restart the router with the configuration information stored in the CONFIG_FILE environment variable.
When the CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies a valid device other than nvram: (that is, flash, bootflash, slot0, or slot1), the router writes the current configuration to the specified device and filename and stores a distilled version of the configuration in NVRAM. A distilled version of the configuration is one that does not contain access list information. If NVRAM already contains a copy of a complete configuration, the router prompts you to confirm the copy.
To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications to the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the copy running-config startup-config command.
The following example shows how to use the copy running-config rcp command on a Cisco 4500 system. The interface may differ slightly on other systems. This example specifies a remote username of netadmin1. Then it copies the running configuration file, named Rtr2-confg to the netadmin1 directory on the remote host with an IP address of 131.108.101.101.
Router# configure terminal Router(config)# ip rcmd remote-username netadmin1 Ctrl-Z Router# copy running-config rcp Remote host[]? 131.108.101.101 Name of configuration file to write [Rtr2-confg]? Write file rtr2-confg on host 131.108.101.101?[confirm] Building configuration...[OK] Connected to 131.108.101.101
The following example shows the copy running-config startup-config command and the warning the system provides if you are trying to save configuration information from bootstrap into the system:
Router(boot)#copy running-config startup-config Warning: Attempting to overwrite an NVRAM configuration written by a full system image. This bootstrap software does not support the full configuration command set. If you perform this command now, some configuration commands may be lost. Overwrite the previous NVRAM configuration?[confirm]
Enter no to escape writing the configuration information to memory.
In the following example, a Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series router copies the running configuration to the startup configuration specified by the CONFIG_FILE variable:
copy running-config startup-config
The following example copies the running configuration to a file named router-confg1 on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP or RSP card on a Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series, respectively:
copy running-config slot0:router-confg1
boot config
cd
copy rcp running-config
copy rcp startup-config
copy startup-config
ip rcmd remote-username
reload
show boot
To copy the router's startup configuration file to another destination, use one of the following copy startup-config EXEC commands:
| rcp | Specifies a copy operation to a network server using rcp. |
| running-config | Specifies the currently running configuration as the destination of the copy operation. |
| tftp | Specifies a TFTP server as the destination of the copy operation. |
| file_id | Specifies a device:filename as the destination of the copy operation. The device argument is optional; but when it is used, the colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash:. This device is the internal Flash memory on the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0:. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · nvram:. This device is the router's NVRAM. If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The colon (:) is required. The Cisco 7000 series cannot use this keyword. The filename argument is the name of the destination file. You must always provide a source filename. You can omit the destination filename, in which case the system uses the source filename. Wildcards are not permitted. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.
EXEC
On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, this command copies the contents of the configuration file in NVRAM to a network server or to the currently running configuration.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the copy commands generally copy a file from a source to a destination. Some invalid combinations exist. Specifically, you cannot copy a running configuration to a running configuration, a startup configuration to a startup configuration, or TFTP to rcp.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the command copies the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable to another destination. To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications to the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use this copy running-config startup-config command.
The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy startup-config rcp command, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.
If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.
To specify a different remote username to be sent to the server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.
If you copy the configuration file to a personal computer used as a server, the computer must support the rsh protocol.
The following example shows how to use the copy startup-config rcp command on a Cisco 4500 router. The interface might differ slightly on other systems.
Router# configure terminal Router(config)# ip rcmd remote-username netadmin2 Ctrl-Z Router# copy startup-config rcp Remote host[]? 131.108.101.101 Name of configuration file to write [rtr2-confg]? <cr> Write file rtr2-confg on host 131.108.101.101?[confirm] <cr> ![OK]
On a Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series, the following example uses the copy startup-config command to copy the startup configuration file (specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable) to a Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP or RSP card:
copy startup-config slot0:router-confg
boot config
copy rcp startup-config
copy running-config
ip rcmd remote-username
show boot
To copy a file from a TFTP server to the router or to another destination, use one of the following copy tftp EXEC commands. The copy tftp running-config command replaces the configure network command. The copy tftp startup-config command replaces the configure overwrite-network command.
| bootflash | Specifies to copy a bootstrap image from a TFTP server to internal Flash memory on a Cisco 4500 series. |
| flash | Specifies internal Flash memory as the destination of the copy operation. The Cisco 7500 series cannot use this keyword; all other platforms can. |
| running-config | Specifies the currently running configuration as the destination of the copy operation. |
| startup-config | Specifies the configuration used for initialization as the destination of the copy operation. |
| file_id | Specifies a device:filename as the destination of the copy operation. The device argument is optional; but when it is used, the colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash:. This device is the internal Flash memory on the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0:. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · nvram:. This device is the router's NVRAM. If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The colon (:) is required. The filename argument is the name of the destination file. You must always provide a source filename. You can omit the destination filename, in which case the system uses the source filename. Wildcards are not permitted. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.
EXEC
The system prompts for the address of the TFTP server and TFTP filename if you do not provide them at the command line. When copying to internal Flash memory, the system provides an option to erase existing internal Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.
Before booting from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the image in Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file that was distributed with the system software image. The checksum of the image in Flash memory is displayed at the bottom of the screen when you issue the copy tftp flash command. The README file was copied to the TFTP server automatically when you installed the system software image.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the copy commands generally copy a file from a source to a destination. Some invalid combinations exist. Specifically, you cannot copy a running configuration to a running configuration, a startup configuration to a startup configuration, or TFTP to rcp.
The following example shows sample output of copying a system image named junk into Flash memory:
Router# copy tftp flash System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 984 junk [deleted] 2 984 junk [2096 bytes used, 8386512 available, 8388608 total] Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 223.255.254.254 Source file name? junk Destination file name [junk]? Accessing file 'junk' on 223.255.254.254... Loading dirt/ssangiah/junk .from 223.255.254.254 (via Ethernet0): - [OK] Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm] Copy 'junk' from server as 'junk' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]yes Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased Loading junk from 223.255.254.254 (via Ethernet0): - [OK - 984/8388608 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x14B3) Flash copy took 0:00:01 [hh:mm:ss]
You will see a spinning line during the copy process. A series of "V" characters indicates that a checksum verification of the image is occurring after the image is written to Flash memory.
The following example shows sample output resulting from copying a system image into a partition of Flash memory. The system will prompt only if there are two or more read/write partitions or one read-only and one read/write partition and dual Flash bank support in boot ROMs. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You can enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first read/write partition.
Router# copy tftp flash
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
[Type ?<no> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]
Which partition? [default = 2]
If the partition is read-only and has dual Flash bank support in boot ROM, the session continues as follows:
**** NOTICE ****
Flash load helper v1.0
This process will accept the copy options and then terminate
the current system image to use the ROM based image for the copy.
Routing functionality will not be available during that time.
If you are logged in via telnet, this connection will terminate.
Users with console access can see the results of the copy operation.
---- ******** ----
Proceed? [confirm]
System flash directory, partition 1:
File Length Name/status
1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3
[3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.1.1
Source file name? master/igs-bfpx-100.4.3
Destination file name [default = source name]?
The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:
Loading master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 from 131.108.1.111: ! Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure? [confirm] Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from TFTP server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes
If the partition is read-write, the session continues as follows:
System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total] Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.1.1 Source file name? master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 Destination file name [default = source name]?
The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:
Accessing file 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' on ABC.CISCO.COM... Loading master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 from 131.108.1.111: ! Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Flash contains files. Are you sure? [confirm] Copy 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' from TFTP server as 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] yes
boot config
boot system flash
copy flash tftp
show boot
verify
verify flash
The verify or verify flash command replaces this command. Refer to the descriptions of the verify and verify flash commands for more information.
The verify bootflash command replaces this command. Refer to the description of the verify bootflash command for more information.
To delete any file on a Flash memory device, use the delete EXEC command.
| device: | (Optional) Device containing the file to be deleted. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. This device is the initial default device. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. For the Cisco 7500 series, this device is the initial default device. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| filename | Name of the file to be deleted. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
For the Cisco 7000 series, the initial default device is flash:. For the Cisco 7500 series, the initial default device is slot0:. Otherwise, the default device is that specified by the cd command.
EXEC
Use this command only with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series.
If you omit the device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.
If you attempt to delete the configuration file specified by the CONFIG_FILE or BOOTLDR environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion. Also, if you attempt to delete the last valid system image specified in the BOOT environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion. When you delete a file, the router simply marks the file as deleted, but does not erase the file. This feature allows you to later recover a "deleted" file using the undelete command. You can delete and undelete a file up to 15 times. To permanently delete all "deleted" files on a Flash memory device, use the squeeze command.
The following example deletes the router-backupconfig file from the Flash card inserted in first slot of the RSP card:
delete slot0:router-backupconfig
cd
dir
show boot
squeeze
undelete
To display a list of files on a Flash memory device, use the dir EXEC command.
| /all | (Optional) Lists deleted files, undeleted files, and files with errors. |
| /deleted | (Optional) Lists only the deleted files. |
| /long | (Optional) Lists only valid files. Valid files are those that are undeleted and without errors. |
| device: | (Optional) Device containing the file(s) to list. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. This device is the initial default device. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. For the Cisco 7500 series, this device is the initial default device. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| filename | (Optional) Name of the file(s) to display on a specified device. The files can be of any type. You can use wildcards in the filename. A wildcard character (*) matches all patterns. Strings after a wildcard are ignored. |
For the Cisco 7000 series, the initial default device is flash:. For the Cisco 7500 series, the initial default device is slot0:. Otherwise, the default device is that specified by the cd command. When you omit all keywords and arguments, the router displays only undeleted files for the default device specified by the cd command in short format.
EXEC
Use this command only with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series. If you omit the device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.
When you use one of the keywords (/all, /deleted, /long), the system displays file information in long format. The long format includes the following categories:
When you omit all keywords (/all, /deleted, /long), the system displays file information in short format. Short format includes the following categories:
The following example instructs the router to list undeleted files for the default device specified by the cd command. Notice that the router displays the information in short format because no keywords are used.
Gouda#dir -#- -length- -----date/time------ name 1 620 May 4 1993 21:38:04 config1 2 620 May 4 1993 21:38:14 config2 7993896 bytes available (1496 bytes used)
The following example displays the long version of the same device:
Gouda#dir /long -#- ED --type-- --crc--- -seek-- nlen -length- -----date/time------ name 1 .. 1 37CEC52E 202EC 7 620 May 4 1993 21:38:04 config1 2 .. 1 37CEC52E 205D8 7 620 May 4 1993 21:38:14 config2 7993896 bytes available (1496 bytes used)
To erase a saved configuration, use one of the following erase EXEC commands. The erase startup-config command replaces the write erase command.
| startup-config | On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 and the Cisco 7500 series, erases the startup configuration in NVRAM. On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, erases or deletes the configuration pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. |
| device: | (Optional) Device containing the file to delete. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. This device is the initial default device. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. For the Cisco 7500 series, this device is the initial default device. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| filename | Name of the file to delete. The files can be of any type. This command does not support wildcards in the filename. |
For the Cisco 7000 series, the initial default device is flash:. For the Cisco 7500 series, the initial default device is slot0:. Otherwise, the default device is that specified by the cd command.
EXEC
Use the erase startup-config command on all platforms to erase the startup configuration. On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series, this command erases the configuration stored in NVRAM.
When you use the erase startup-config command on the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the router erases or deletes the configuration pointed to by CONFIG_FILE environment variable. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration file used for initialization. If the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to NVRAM, the router erases NVRAM. If the CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies a Flash memory device and configuration filename, the router deletes the configuration file. That is, the router marks the file as "deleted."
Use the erase [device:]filename command only with the Cisco 7000 series or the Cisco 7500 series. This command functions like the delete command. That is, when you erase a specific file, the system marks the file as deleted, allowing you to later undelete an erased file. See the delete and undelete commands for more information. If you omit the device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.
If you attempt to erase the configuration file specified by the CONFIG_FILE or BOOTLDR environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion. Also, if you attempt to erase the last valid system image specified in the BOOT environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion.
The following example illustrates how to erase the configuration located in NVRAM or specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable:
erase startup-config
The following example deletes the myconfig file from a Flash memory card inserted in the slot 0 of the RP or RSP card:
erase slot0:myconfig
boot config
delete
show boot
show startup-config
undelete
To erase the boot image in Flash memory on the Cisco 4500, use the erase bootflash EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
You can use this command only on routers that have two banks of Flash memory: one bank for the boot image and the second bank for the system image.
The following example erases the boot image in Flash memory:
erase bootflash
copy bootflash tftp
copy mop bootflash
copy tftp bootflash
verify bootflash
show bootflash
To erase internal Flash memory, use the erase flash EXEC command. This command replaces the copy erase flash command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
The Cisco 7500 series does not support this command.
The following example illustrates how to use this command. Note that this example reflects the dual Flash bank feature available only on low-end systems (the AccessPro PC card, Cisco 2500 series, Cisco 3000 series, and Cisco 4000 series).
Router# erase flash
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
[Type ?<no> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]
Which partition? [default = 2]
The system will prompt only if there are two or more read/write partitions. If the partition entered is not valid or is the read-only partition, the process terminates. You can enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first read/write partition.
System flash directory, partition 2: File Length Name/status 1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total] Erase flash device, partition 2? [confirm] <Return>
To format Flash memory, use the format EXEC command.
| spare | (Optional) Reserves spare sectors as specified by the spare-number argument when formatting a device. |
| spare-number | (Optional) Number of the spare sectors to reserve on formatted device. Valid values are 0 to 16. The default value is zero. |
| device1: | Device to format. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| device2: | (Optional) Device containing the monlib file to use for formatting device1. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. For the Cisco 7500 series, this device is the initial default device. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| monlib-filename | (Optional) Name of the ROM monitor library file (monlib file) to use for formatting device1. The default monlib file is the one bundled with the system software. |
The default monlib file is the one bundled with the system software.
EXEC
Use this command with the Cisco 7000 series PCMCIA slot or the Cisco 7500 series. On the Cisco 7000 series, use the format command to format your Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP card. On the Cisco 7500 series, use the format command to format internal Flash memory (bootflash) or your Flash memory cards.
In some cases, you might need to insert a new PCMCIA Flash memory card and load images or backup configuration files onto it. Before you can use a new Flash memory card, you must format it.
Flash memory cards have sectors that can fail. On the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, you can reserve certain Flash memory sectors as "spares" for use when other sectors fail. Use the format command to specify between 0 and 16 sectors as spares. If you reserve a small number of spare sectors for emergencies, you do not waste space because you can use most of the Flash memory card. If you specify zero spare sectors and some sectors fail, you must reformat the Flash memory card and thereby erase all existing data.
The monlib file is the ROM monitor library. The ROM monitor uses the monlib file to access files in the Flash file system. The Cisco IOS Release 11.0 system software contains a monlib file.
In the command syntax, device1 is the device to format and device2 contains the monlib file to use. When you omit the [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using the monlib that is bundled with the system software. When you omit device2 from the [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using the named monlib file from the device specified by the cd command. When you omit monlib-filename from the [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using device2's monlib file. When you specify the whole [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using the specified monlib file from the specified device. Note that you can specify device1's own monlib file in this argument. When the system cannot find a monlib file, the system terminates the formatting process.
The following example shows the format command that formats a Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP or RSP card:
Router# format slot0: Running config file on this device, proceed? [confirm]y All sectors will be erased, proceed? [confirm]y Enter volume id (up to 31 characters): <Return> Formatting sector 1 (erasing) Format device slot0 completed
When the router returns you to the EXEC prompt, the new Flash memory card is successfully formatted and ready for use.
copy
delete
dir
show file
show flash
squeeze
undelete
Use the ip rarp-server interface configuration command to allow the router to act as a Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) server. Use the no form of this command to restore the interface to the default of no RARP server support.
| ip-address | IP address that is to be provided in the source protocol address field of the RARP response packet. Normally, this is set to whatever address you configure as the primary address for the interface. |
Disabled
Interface configuration
This feature makes diskless booting of clients possible between network subnets where the client and server are on separate subnets.
RARP server support is configurable on a per interface basis, so that the router does not interfere with RARP traffic on subnets that do not need RARP assistance from the router.
The router answers incoming RARP requests only if both of the following two conditions are met:
Use the show ip arp EXEC command to display the contents of the IP ARP cache.
Sun Microsystems, Inc. makes use of RARP and UDP-based network services to facilitate network-based booting of SunOS on their workstations. By bridging RARP packets and using both the ip helper-address interface configuration command and the ip forward-protocol global configuration command, the router should be able to perform the necessary packet switching to enable booting of Sun workstations across subnets. Unfortunately, some Sun workstations assume that the sender of the RARP response, in this case the router, is the host the client can contact to TFTP load the bootstrap image. This causes the workstations to fail to boot.
By using the ip rarp-server feature, the router can be configured to answer these RARP requests, and the client machine should be able to reach its server by having its TFTP requests forwarded through the router that acts as the RARP server.
In the case of RARP responses to Sun workstations attempting to diskless boot, the IP address specified in the ip rarp-server interface configuration command should be the IP address of the TFTP server. In addition to configuring RARP service, the router must also be configured to forward UDP-based Sun portmapper requests to completely support diskless booting of Sun workstations. This can be accomplished using configuration commands of the form:
ip forward-protocol udp 111 interface interface name ip helper-address target-address
RFC 903 documents the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
The following partial example configures the router to act as a RARP server. The router is configured to use the primary address of the specified interface in its RARP responses.
arp 128.105.2.5 0800.2002.ff5b arpa interface ethernet 0 ip address 128.105.3.100 255.255.255.0 ip rarp-server 128.105.3.100
In the following example, the router is configured to act as a RARP server, with TFTP and portmapper requests forwarded to the Sun server:
! Allow the router to forward broadcast portmapper requests ip forward-protocol udp 111 ! Provide the router with the IP address of the diskless sun arp 128.105.2.5 0800.2002.ff5b arpa interface ethernet 0 ! Configure the router to act as a RARP server, using the Sun Server's IP ! address in the RARP response packet. ip rarp-server 128.105.3.100 ! Portmapper broadcasts from this interface are sent to the Sun Server. ip helper-address 128.105.3.100
A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
ip forward-protocol †
ip helper-address †
Use the ip rcmd domain-lookup global configuration command to enable Domain Name System (DNS) security for rcp and rsh. To bypass DNS security for rcp and rsh, use the no form of this command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Enabled
Global configuration
If you do not want to use DNS for rcmd queries, but DNS has been enabled with the ip domain-lookup command, use the no ip rcmd domain-lookup command.
This command will turn off DNS lookups for rsh and rcp only. The no ip domain-lookup command takes precedence over the ip rcmd domain-lookup command. If ip domain-lookup is disabled with the no ip domain-lookup command, DNS will be bypassed for rcp and rsh, even if ip rcmd domain-lookup is enabled.
In the following example, DNS security is enabled for rcp and rsh:
ip rcmd domain-lookup
A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
To configure the router to allow remote users to copy files to and from the router, use the ip rcmd rcp-enable global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to disable a router that is enabled for rcp.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
To ensure security, the router is not enabled for rcp by default.
Global configuration
To allow a remote user to execute rcp commands on the router, you must also create an entry for the remote user in the local router's authentication database.
The no ip rcmd rcp-enable command does not prohibit a local user from using rcp to copy system images and configuration files to and from the router.
To protect against undesirable users copying the system image or configuration files without consent, the router is not enabled for rcp by default.
The following example shows how to enable the router for rcp:
rcp-enable
To allow remote users to execute commands on the router using rsh or rcp, use the ip rcmd remote-host global configuration command to create an entry for the remote user in a local authentication database. Use the no form of this command to remove an entry for a remote user from the local authentication database.
| local-username | Name of the user on the local router. You can specify the router host name as the username. This name needs to be communicated to the network administrator or the user on the remote system. To be allowed to remotely execute commands on the router, the remote user must specify this value correctly. |
| ip-address | IP address of the remote host from which the local router will accept remotely executed commands. Either the IP address or the host name is required. |
| host | Name of the remote host from which the local router will accept remotely executed commands. Either the host name or the IP address is required. |
| remote-username | Name of the user on the remote host from which the router will accept remotely executed commands. |
| enable | (Optional) Enables the remote user to execute privileged EXEC commands using rsh. This keyword does not apply to rcp. |
Global configuration
A TCP connection to a router is established using an IP address. Using the host name is valid only when you are initiating an rcp or rsh command from a local router. The host name is converted to an IP address using DNS or host-name aliasing.
To allow a remote user to execute rcp or rsh commands on a local router, you must create an entry for the remote user in the local router's authentication database. You must also enable the router to act as an rsh or rcp server.
To enable the router to act as an rsh server, issue the ip rcmd rsh-enable command. To enable the router to act as an rcp server, issue the ip rcmd rcp-enable command.The router cannot act as a server for either of these protocols unless you explicitly enable the capacity.
A local authentication database, which is similar in concept and use to a UNIX .rhosts file, is used to enforce security on the router through access control. Each entry that you configure in the authentication database identifies the local user, the remote host, and the remote user. To permit a remote user of rsh to execute commands in privileged EXEC mode, specify the enable keyword.
An entry that you configure in the router authentication database differs from an entry in a UNIX .rhost file in the following aspect. Because the .rhosts file on a UNIX system resides in the home directory of a local user account, an entry in a UNIX .rhosts file does not need to include the local username; the local username is determined from the user account. To provide equivalent support on a router configured, specify the local username along with the remote host and remote username in each authentication database entry that you configure.
For a remote user to be able to execute commands on the router in its capacity as a server, the local username, host address or name, and remote username sent with the remote client request must match values configured in an entry in the local authentication file.
A remote client host should be registered with DNS. The router software uses DNS to authenticate the remote host's name and address. Because DNS can return several valid IP addresses for a host name, the router software checks the address of the requesting client against all of the IP addresses for the named host returned by DNS. If the address sent by the requester is considered invalid, that is, it does not match any address listed with DNS for the host name, then the router software will reject the remote-command execution request.
Note that if no DNS servers are configured for the router, then the router cannot authenticate the host in this manner. In this case, the router software will send a broadcast request to attempt to gain access to DNS services on another server. If DNS services are not available, you must use the no ip domain-lookup command to disable the router's attempt to gain access to a DNS server by sending a broadcast request.
If DNS services are not available and, therefore, you bypass the DNS security check, the router software will accept the request to remotely execute a command only if all three values sent with the request match exactly the values configured for an entry in the local authentication file.
The following example allows the remote user netadmin3 on a remote host with the IP address 131.108.101.101 to execute commands on router1 using the rsh protocol. For rsh, user netadmin3 is allowed to execute commands in privileged EXEC mode.
ip rcmd remote-host router1 131.108.101.101 netadmin3 enable
A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
ip rcmd rcp-enable
ip rcmd rsh-enable
no ip domain-lookup †
To configure the remote username to be used when requesting a remote copy using rcp, use the ip rcmd remote-username global configuration command. To remove from the configuration the remote username, use the no form of this command.
| username | Name of the remote user on the server. This name is used for rcp copy requests. All files and images to be copied are searched for or written relative to the directory of the remote user's account, if the server has a directory structure, for example, as do UNIX systems. |
If you do not issue this command, the router software sends the remote username associated with the current TTY process, if that name is valid, for rcp copy commands. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.
Global configuration
The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username on an rcp request to the server. Use this command to specify the remote username to be sent to the server for an rcp copy request. If the server has a directory structure, as do UNIX systems, all files and images to be copied are searched for or written relative to the directory of the remote user's account.
If the username for the current TTY process is not valid, the router software sends the host name as the remote username. For rcp boot commands, the router software sends the router host name by default.
The following example shows how to use this command:
configure terminal ip rcmd remote-username netadmin1 ^Z
boot network rcp
boot system rcp
copy
copy flash rcp
copy rcp bootflash
copy rcp flash
copy rcp running-config
copy rcp startup-config
copy running-config rcp
copy startup-config rcp
To configure the router to allow remote users to execute commands on the router using rsh, use the ip rcmd rsh-enable global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to disable a router that is enabled for rsh.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
To ensure security, the router is not enabled for rsh by default.
Global configuration
Use this command to enable the router to receive rsh requests from remote users. In addition to issuing this command, to allow a remote user to execute rsh commands on the router, you must create an entry for the remote user in the local router's authentication database.
The no ip rcmd rsh-enable command does not prohibit a local user of the router from executing a command on other routers and UNIX hosts on the network using rsh.
The following example shows how to enable the router as an rsh server:
ip rcmd rsh-enable
To specify the location of the microcode you want to download from Flash memory into the writable control store (WCS) on a Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series, use the microcode interface configuration command.
| interface | One of the following interface processor names: aip, fip, fsip, hip, mip, trip, eip, or sp. |
| flash | (Optional) If the flash keyword is specified, a filename argument is required, unless you are using the no microcode interface flash command. |
| rom | (Optional) If the rom keyword is specified, no further arguments are necessary. For example, the command microcode fip rom specifies that all FDDI Interface Processors (FIPs) should be loaded from their onboard ROM microcode. This onboard ROM microcode is not the same as the eight ROMs on the RP that contain the system image. |
| system | (Optional) If system is specified, the router loads the microcode from the microcode bundled into the system image you are running for that interface type. |
| filename | (Optional) Filename of the microcode in Flash memory that you want to download. This argument is only used with the flash keyword. If you use the flash keyword, the name of the microcode file in Flash is required unless the command is no microcode interface flash. (This command results in the same default condition as the command microcode interface rom, which indicates that the card should be loaded from its onboard ROM microcode.) |
| file_id | Specifies a device:filename of the microcode file to download. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0:. This device is the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. The filename is the name of the microcode file. |
The default is to load from the microcode bundled in the system image.
Interface configuration
In the following example, all FIP cards will use their onboard ROM microcode:
microcode fip rom
In the following example, all FIP cards will be loaded with the microcode found in Flash memory
file
fip.v141-7 when the system is booted, when a card is inserted or removed, or when the microcode reload interface configuration command is issued. The configuration is then written to the startup configuration file.
microcode fip flash fip.v141-7 ^Z > copy running-config startup-config
To signal to the Cisco 7000 series that all microcode configuration commands have been entered and the processor cards should be reloaded, use the microcode reload interface configuration command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Interface configuration
In the following example, all controllers are reset, the specified microcode is loaded, and the CxBus complex is reinitialized according to the microcode configuration commands that have been written to memory:
microcode reload
To identify the type of device sending MOP sysid messages and request program messages, use the mop device-code global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to set the identity to the default value.
| cisco | Denotes a Cisco device code. |
| ds200 | Denotes a DECserver 200 device code. |
Cisco device code
Global configuration
The sysid messages and request program messages use the identity information indicated by this command.
The following example identifies a DECserver 200 device as sending MOP sysid and request program messages:
mop device-code ds200
A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
To configure the length of time the router waits before retransmitting boot requests to a MOP server, use the mop retransmit-timer global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to reinstate the default value.
| seconds | Sets the length of time, in seconds, that the router waits before retransmitting a message. The value is a number from 1 to 20. |
4 seconds
Global configuration
By default, when the router transmits a request that requires a response from a MOP boot server and the server does not respond, the message will be retransmitted after 4 seconds. If the MOP boot server and router are separated by a slow serial link, it may take longer than 4 seconds for the router to receive a response to its message. Therefore, you might want to configure the router to wait longer than 4 seconds before retransmitting the message if you are using such a link.
In the following example, if the MOP boot server does not respond within 10 seconds after the router sends a message, the server will retransmit the message:
mop retransmit-timer 10
A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
mop device-code
mop retries
mop enabled†
To configure the number of times a router will retransmit boot requests to a MOP server, use the mop retries global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to reinstate the default value.
| count | Indicates the number of times a router will retransmit a MOP boot request. The value is a number from 3 to 24. |
8 times
Global configuration
In the following example, the router will attempt to retransmit a message to an unresponsive host 11 times before declaring a failure:
mop retries 11
A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
mop device-code
mop retransmit-timer
mop enabled †
To list the value of the boot field (bits 0-3) in the configuration register, use the ROM monitor o command. To reset the value of the boot field so that the router boots from ROM, use the ROM monitor o/r command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Refer to the appropriate hardware installation guide for default values.
ROM monitor
To get to the ROM monitor prompt at a Cisco 2000, Cisco 3000, Cisco 4000, or Cisco 7000 series, use the reload EXEC command if the configuration register has a boot value of 0. (For systems with a software configuration register, a value can be included on the o/r command line.) Use the i command in conjunction with the o/r command to initialize the router. (The i command is documented in the Hardware Installation and Maintenance publication for your product.) The o/r command resets the configuration register to 0x141, which disables the Break key, ignores the NVRAM configuration, and boots the default system image from ROM.
The following is an example of the o command:
> o Bit# Configuration register option settings: 15 Diagnostic mode disabled 14 IP broadcasts do not have network numbers 13 Do not boot default ROM software if network boot fails 12-11 Console speed is 9600 baud 10 IP broadcasts with ones 09 Do not use secondary bootstrap 08 Break enabled 07 OEM disabled 06 Ignore configuration disabled 03-00 Boot to ROM monitor >
The following is an example of the o/r and i commands used to reset and boot the default system image from ROM:
> o/r > i
To separate Flash memory into two partitions, use the partition flash global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to undo partitioning, and restore Flash memory to one partition.
| partitions | Number of partitions in Flash memory. Can be 1 or 2. |
| size1 | (Optional) Size of the first partition in megabytes. |
| size2 | (Optional) Size of the second partition in megabytes. |
Flash memory consists of one partition.
If this command is entered but partition size is not specified, two partitions of equal size will be created.
Global configuration
Although the software supports up to eight partitions, current hardware allows only two. To undo partitioning, use either the partition flash 1 or no partition flash command. If one or more files exist in the second partition, you must manually erase the second partition with the erase flash command before reverting to a single partition.
When creating two partitions, you must not truncate a file or cause the spillover of a file into the second partition.
The following example creates two partitions of 4 MB each in Flash memory:
partition flash 2 4 4
To show the current setting of the cd command, use the pwd EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
This command has no default.
EXEC
Use this command with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series.
Use the pwd command to show what device is specified as the system's default device by the cd command. For all EXEC commands that have an optional device: argument, the system uses the device specified by the cd command when you omit the optional device: argument.
For example, the dir command contains an optional device: argument and displays a list of files on a Flash memory device. When you omit this device: argument, the system shows a list of the files on the Flash device specified by the cd command.
The following example shows that the present working device specified by the cd command is slot 0 of the RP or RSP card:
Gouda>pwd slot0 Gouda>
The following example uses the cd command to change the present working device to slot 1 of the RSP card and then uses the pwd command to display that present working device:
Gouda>cd slot1: Gouda>pwd slot1 Gouda>
Similarly, the following example uses the cd command on the Cisco 7500 series to change the present working device to bootflash and then uses the pwd command to display that present working device:
Gouda>cd bootflash: Gouda>pwd bootflash Gouda>
To reload the operating system, use the reload EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
The reload command halts the system. If the system is set to restart on error, it reboots itself. Use the reload command after configuration information is entered into a file and saved to the startup configuration.
You cannot reload from a virtual terminal if the system is not set up for automatic booting. This prevents the system from dropping to the ROM monitor and thereby taking the system out of the remote user's control.
If you modify your configuration file, the system prompts you to save the configuration. During a save operation, the system asks you if you want to proceed with the save if the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to a startup configuration file that no longer exists. If you say "yes" in this situation, the system goes to setup mode upon reload.
The following example illustrates how to enter the reload command at the privileged EXEC prompt:
reload
copy running-config startup-config
To execute a command remotely on a remote rsh host, use the rsh privileged EXEC command.
| ip-address | IP address of the remote host on which to execute the rsh command. Either the IP address or the host name is required. |
| host | Name of the remote host on which to execute the command. Either the host name or the IP address is required. |
| /user username | (Optional) Remote username. |
| remote-command | Command to be executed remotely. This is a required parameter. |
If you do not specify the /user keyword and argument, the router sends a default remote username. As the default value of the remote username, the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY process, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username. If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.
Privileged EXEC
Use the rsh command to execute commands remotely. The host on which you remotely execute the command must support the rsh protocol, and the .rhosts files on the rsh host must include an entry that permits you to remotely execute commands on that host.
For security reasons, the router software does not default to a remote login if no command is specified, as does UNIX. Instead, the router provides Telnet and connect services that you can use rather than rsh.
The following command specifies that user sharon attempts to remotely execute the UNIX ls command with the -a argument on the remote host mysys.cisco.com . The command output resulting from the remote execution follows the command example:
Router1# rsh mysys.cisco.com /user sharon ls -a . .. .alias .cshrc .emacs .exrc .history .login .mailrc .newsrc .oldnewsrc .rhosts .twmrc .xsession jazz
To compress configuration files on the Cisco 7000 series, Cisco 4000 series, Cisco 3000, and AGS+ routers, which have NVRAM, use the service compress-config global configuration command. To disable compression, use the no form of this command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Disabled
Global configuration
If the file compression completes successfully, the following message is displayed:
Compressing configuration from configuration-size to compressed-size [OK]
If the boot ROMs do not recognize a compressed configuration, the following message is displayed:
Boot ROMs do not support NVRAM compression Config NOT written to NVRAM
If the file compression fails, the following message is displayed:
Error trying to compress nvram
One way to determine whether a configuration file will compress enough to fit into NVRAM is to use a text editor to enter the configuration, then use the UNIX compress command to check the compressed size. To get a closer approximation of the compression ratio, use the UNIX command compress -b12.
Once the configuration file has been compressed, the router functions normally. A show startup-config command would uncompress the configuration before displaying it. At boot time, the system would recognize that the configuration file was compressed, uncompress it, and proceed normally.
To disable compression of the configuration file, enter configuration mode and specify the no service compress-config command. Then enter the copy running-config startup-config command. The router displays an OK message if it is able to successfully write the uncompressed configuration to NVRAM. Otherwise, the router displays an error message indicating that the configuration is too large to store. If the configuration file is larger than the physical NVRAM, the following message is displayed:
##Configuration too large to fit uncompressed in NVRAM Truncate configuration? [confirm]
To truncate and save the configuration, type Y. To not truncate and not save the configuration, type N.
In the following example, the configuration file is compressed:
service compress-config
To enable autoloading of configuration files from a network server, use the service config global configuration command. Use the no form of this command to restore the default.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Disabled, except on systems without NVRAM or with invalid or incomplete information in NVRAM. In these cases, autoloading of configuration files from a network server is enabled automatically.
Global configuration
Usually, the service config command is used in conjunction with the boot host or boot network command. You must enter the service config command to enable the router to automatically configure the system from the file specified by the boot host or boot network command.
The service config command can also be used without the boot host or boot network command. If you do not specify host or network configuration filenames, the router uses the default configuration files. The default network configuration file is network-confg. The default host configuration file is host-confg, where host is the host name of the router. If the router cannot resolve its host name, the default host configuration file is router-confg.
In the following example, the router is configured to autoload the default host configuration file:
boot host service config
To display the extended BOOTP request parameters that have been configured for asynchronous interfaces, use the show async-bootp privileged EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Privileged EXEC
The following is a sample output of the show async-bootp command:
Router# show async-bootp The following extended data will be sent in BOOTP responses: bootfile (for address 128.128.1.1) "pcboot" bootfile (for address 131.108.1.111) "dirtboot" subnet-mask 255.255.0.0 time-offset -3600 time-server 128.128.1.1
Table 3-3 describes significant fields shown in the display.
Table 3-3 Show Async-BOOTP Field Descriptions
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| bootfile... "pcboot" | Boot file for address 128.128.1.1 is named pcboot. |
| subnet-mask 255.255.0.0 | Subnet mask. |
| time-offset -3600 | Local time is one hour (3600 seconds) earlier than UTC time. |
| time-server 128.128.1.1 | Address of the time server for the network. |
To display the contents of the BOOT environment variable, the name of the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, and the contents of the BOOTLDR environment variable, use the show boot EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
Use this command with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series. The show boot command allows you to view the current settings for the following environment variables:
The BOOT environment variable specifies a list of bootable images on various devices. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration file used during system initialization. The BOOTLDR environment variable specifies the Flash device and filename containing the rxboot image that ROM uses for booting. You set these environment variables with the boot system, boot config, and boot bootldr commands, respectively.
The following is sample output from the show boot command:
Cyclone#show boot BOOT variable = CONFIG_FILE variable = nvram: Current CONFIG_FILE variable = slot0:router-config BOOTLDR variable not exist Configuration register is 0x0 Cyclone#
In the sample output, the BOOT environment variable contains a null string. That is, a list of bootable images is not specified.
The CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to the configuration file in NVRAM as the startup (initialization) configuration. The run-time value for the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to the router-config file on the Flash memory card inserted in the first slot of the RSP card. That is, during the run-time configuration, you have modified the CONFIG_FILE environment variable using the boot config command, but you have not saved the run-time configuration to the startup configuration. To save your run-time configuration to the startup configuration, use the copy running-config startup-config command. If you do not save the run-time configuration to the startup configuration, then the system reverts back to the saved CONFIG_FILE environment variable setting for initialization information upon reload. In this sample, the system reverts back to NVRAM for the startup configuration file.
The BOOTLDR environment variable does not yet exist. That is, you have not created the BOOTLDR environment variable using the boot bootldr command.
boot bootldr
boot config
boot system
show version
To verify boot Flash memory on the Cisco 4500, use the show bootflash EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
You can use this command only on routers that have two banks of Flash: one bank for the boot image and the second bank for the system image.
The show bootflash command displays the type of boot Flash memory present, any files that may currently exist in boot Flash memory, and the amount of boot Flash memory used and remaining.
The following is sample output from the show bootflash command:
Router# show bootflash Boot flash directory: File name/status 1 c4500-xboot [1387336 bytes used, 2806968 bytes available]
Table 3-4 describes the fields shown in the output.
Table 3-4 Show Bootflash Field Descriptions
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Boot File | Number of the boot file. |
| flash directory:name/status | Name and status of the boot file. The status is displayed if appropriate and can be one of the following: · [deleted]---File has been deleted. · [invalid checksum]---File has an incorrect checksum. |
The show startup-config command replaces this command. Refer to the description of the
show startup-config command for more information.
To display the configuration stored in a specified file, use the show file EXEC command.
| device: | (Optional) Device containing the configuration file. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. This device is the initial default device. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · nvram. The device is the router's NVRAM. If you specify NVRAM, omit the filename. The colon (:) is required. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. For the Cisco 7500 series, this device is the initial default device. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. If you omit the device: argument, the system uses the default device specified by the cd command. |
| filename | Name of the file. The file can be of any type. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
EXEC
Use this command for the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series. When showing the configuration, the router informs you whether the displayed configuration is a complete configuration or a distilled version. A distilled configuration is one that does not contain access lists.
The following is sample output from the show file command:
Router#show file slot0:router-config Using 534 out of 129016 bytes ! version 10.3 ! hostname Cyclops ! enable-password xxxx service pad ! boot system dross-system 131.108.13.111 boot system dross-system 131.108.1.111 ! exception dump 131.108.13.111 ! no ip ipname-lookup ! decnet routing 13.1 decnet node-type area decnet max-address 1023 ! interface Ethernet 0 ip address 131.108.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 131.120.1.0 ip accounting ip gdp decnet cost 3 ! ip domain-name CISCO.COM ip name-server 255.255.255.255 ! end
To display the layout and contents of Flash memory, use one of the following show flash EXEC commands:
| all | (Optional) On all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series PCMCIA slot and the Cisco 7500 series, all shows complete information about Flash memory, including information about the individual ROM devices in Flash memory and the names and sizes of all system image files stored in Flash memory, including those that are invalidated. On the Cisco 7000 series PCMCIA slot and the Cisco 7500 series, all shows the following information: · The same information as that displayed by the dir command when you use the /all and /long keywords together · The same information as that displayed by the filesys keyword · The same information as that displayed by the chips keyword |
| chips | (Optional) Shows information per partition and per chip, including which bank the chip is in plus its code, size, and name. |
| detailed | (Optional) Shows detailed file directory information per partition, including file length, address, name, Flash checksum, computer checksum, bytes used, bytes available, total bytes, and bytes of system Flash memory. |
| err | (Optional) Shows write or erase failures in the form of number of retries. |
| partition number | (Optional) Shows output for the specified partition number. If you specify the partition keyword, you must specify a partition number. You can use this keyword only when Flash memory has multiple partitions. |
| summary | (Optional) Shows summary information per partition, including the partition size, bank size, state, and method by which files can be copied into a particular partition. You can use this keyword only when Flash memory has multiple partitions. |
| filesys | (Optional) Shows the Device Info Block, the Status Info, and the Usage Info. |
| device: | (Optional) Specifies the device about which to show Flash information. The device is optional; but when it is used, the colon (:) is required. When it is omitted, the default device is that specified by the cd command. Valid devices are as follows: · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
EXEC
The show flash command displays the type of Flash memory present, any files that might currently exist in Flash memory, and the amounts of Flash memory used and remaining.
For the Cisco 7000 series PCMCIA slot and the Cisco 7500 series, when you specify a PCMCIA slot as the device, the router displays the layout and contents of the Flash memory card inserted in the specified slot of the RP or RSP card. When you omit the device: argument, the router displays the default device specified by the cd command. Use the pwd command to show the current default device.
The following is sample output from the show flash command on the Cisco 3000 and Cisco 7000 series:
Router# show flash 4096K bytes of flash memory sized on embedded flash. File name/status 0 ahp4/gs7-k 1 micro/eip1-0 2 micro/sp1-3 3 micro/trip1-1 4 micro/hip1-0 5 micro/fip1-1 6 fsipucode 7 spucode 8 tripucode 9 fipucode 10 eipucode 11 hipucode 12 sipucode 13 sp_q160-1 14 ahp4/sp160-3 [deleted] 15 ahp4/sp160-3 [682680/4194304 bytes free/total]
Table 3-5 describes the show flash display fields for the Cisco 3000 series and the internal Flash memory of the Cisco 7000 series.
Table 3-5 Show Flash Field Descriptions
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| File | Number of file in Flash memory. |
| name/status | Files that currently exist in Flash memory. |
| bytes free | Amount of Flash memory remaining. |
| [deleted] | Flag indicating that another file exists with the same name or that the process has been abnormally terminated. |
As the display shows, the Flash memory can store and display multiple, independent software images for booting itself or for TFTP server software for other products. This feature is useful for storing default system software. These images can be stored in compressed format (but cannot be compressed by the router).
To eliminate any files from Flash memory (invalidated or otherwise) and free up all available memory space, the entire Flash memory must be erased; individual files cannot be erased from Flash memory.
The following is a sample output from the show flash command on a router that has Flash memory partitioned:
Router# show flash
System flash directory, partition 1:
File Length Name/status
1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3
[3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read Only)
System flash directory, partition 2:
File Length Name/status
1 3459720 igs-kf
[3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
The following is a sample output from the show flash all command on the Cisco 3000 series and the internal Flash memory of the Cisco 7000 series. The format of the display is different on different router models. The format of your display might differ.
Router# show flash all
4096K bytes of flash memory sized on embedded flash.
Chip socket code bytes name
0 U63 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
1 U62 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
2 U61 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
3 U60 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
4 U48 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
5 U47 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
6 U46 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
7 U45 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
8 U30 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
9 U29 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
10 U28 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
11 U27 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
12 U17 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
13 U16 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
14 U15 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
15 U14 89BD 0x040000 INTEL 28F020
Flash file directory:
File name/status
addr length fcksum ccksum
0 gs7-k
0x12000080 2601100 0x4015 0x4015
1 micro/eip1-0
0x1227B14C 53364 0x0 0x0
2 micro/sp1-3
0x12288200 55418 0x0 0x0
3 micro/trip1-1
0x12295ABC 105806 0x0 0x0
4 micro/hip1-0
0x122AF84C 35528 0x0 0x0
5 micro/fip1-1
0x122B8354 97070 0x0 0x0
6 fsipucode
0x122CFEC4 6590 0x0 0x0
7 spucode
0x122D18C4 55418 0x0 0x0
8 tripucode
0x122DF180 105806 0x0 0x0
9 fipucode
0x122F8F10 97070 0x0 0x0
10 eipucode
0x12310A80 53330 0x60A1 0x60A1
11 hipucode
0x1231DB14 35528 0x0 0x0
12 sipucode
0x1232661C 54040 0x0 0x0
13 sp_q160-1
0x1233974 42912 0x0 0x0
14 ahp4/sp160-3 [deleted]
0x1233E154 55730 0x0 0x0
15 ahp4/sp160-3
0x1234BB48 55808 0x0 0x0
[682680/4194304 bytes free/total]
Table 3-6 describes the show flash all display fields for the Cisco 3000 series and the Cisco 7000 series internal Flash memory.
Table 3-6 Show Flash All Field Descriptions
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| bytes of flash memory sized on embedded flash | Total amount of Flash memory present. |
| Chip | Identifies the ROM unit. |
| socket | Location of the ROM unit. |
| code | Vendor code identifying the vendor of the ROM unit. |
| bytes | Size of the ROM unit (in hex bytes). |
| name (in row beginning with Chip) | Vendor name and chip part number of the ROM unit. |
| security jumper, flash memory | Security jumper is/is not installed. Flash memory is programmable or read-only. If the security jumper is not installed, you will see the show flash display with a message indicating that the jumper is not installed. |
| File | Number of the system image file. If no filename is specified in the boot system flash command, the router boots the system image file with the lowest file number. |
| name/status | Filename and status of a system image file. The status [invalidated] appears when a file has been rewritten (recopied) into Flash memory. The first (now invalidated) copy of the file is still present within Flash memory, but it is rendered unusable in favor of the newest version. The [invalidated] status can also indicate an incomplete file that results from the user abnormally terminating the copy process, a network timeout, or a Flash memory overflow. |
| addr | Address of the file in Flash memory. |
| length | Size of the system image file (in bytes). |
| fcksum | Checksum recorded in Flash memory. |
| ccksum | Computer checksum. |
| [deleted] | Flag indicating that another file exists with the same name or that process has been abnormally terminated. |
| bytes free/total | Amount of Flash memory used/total amount of Flash memory. |
In the following example, the security jumper is not installed and you cannot write to Flash memory until the security jumper is installed:
Router# show flash all 4096K bytes of flash memory on embedded flash (in RP1). security jumper(12V) is not installed, flash memory is read-only. file offset length name 0 0xDCD0 1903892 gs7-k [deleted] 1 0x1DEA24 1903912 gs7-k [329908/4194304 bytes free]
The following is sample output for the show flash all command on a Cisco 3000 that has Flash memory partitioned:
Router# show flash all
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 3459K 637K 4096K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 3224K 872K 4096K Read/Write Direct
System flash directory, partition 1:
File Length Name/status
addr fcksum ccksum
1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3
0x40 0x3DE1 0x3DE1
[3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
Chip Bank Code Size Name
1 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
2 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
3 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
4 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
Executing current image from System flash [partition 1]
System flash directory, partition2:
File Length Name/status
addr fcksum ccksum
1 3224008 igs-kf.100
0x40 0xEE91 0xEE91
[3224072 bytes used, 970232 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Chip Bank Code Size Name
1 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
2 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
3 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
4 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
Table 3-7 describes the additional fields in the display.
Table 3-7 Show Flash All Fields for Partitioned Flash Memory
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Partition | Partition number in Flash memory. |
| Size | Size of partition in bytes. |
| Used | Number of bytes used in partition. |
| Free | Number of bytes free in partition. |
| Bank-Size | Size of bank in bytes. |
| State | State of the partition. It can be one of the following values: · Read-Only indicates the partition that is being executed from. · Read/Write is a partition that can be copied to. |
| Copy-Mode | Method by which the partition can be copied to: · RXBOOT-FLH indicates copy via Flash load helper. · Direct indicates user can copy directly into Flash memory. · None indicates that it is not possible to copy into that partition. |
| Chip | Chip number. |
| Bank | Bank number. |
| Code | Code number. |
| Size | Size of chip. |
| Name | Name of chip. |
The following is sample output for the show flash chips command on a router that has Flash memory partitioned:
Router# show flash chips System flash partition 1: 4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Chip Bank Code Size Name 1 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 2 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 3 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 4 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA Executing current image from System flash [partition 1] System flash partition 2: 4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Chip Bank Code Size Name 1 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 2 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 3 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 4 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA
The following is sample output for the show flash detailed command on a router that has Flash memory partitioned:
Router# show flash detailed
System flash directory, partition 1:
File Length Name/status
addr fcksum ccksum
1 3224008 igs-kf.100
0x40 0xEE91 0xEE91
[3224072 bytes used, 970232 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
System flash directory, partition 2:
File Length Name/status
addr fcksum ccksum
1 3224008 igs-kf.100
0x40 0xEE91 0xEE91
[3224072 bytes used, 970232 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
The following is sample output for the show flash err command on a Cisco 3000 that has Flash memory partitioned:
Router# show flash err
System flash directory, partition 1:
File Length Name/status
1 37376 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [invalid checksum]
[37440 bytes used, 4156864 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Chip Bank Code Size Name erase write
1 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
2 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
3 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
4 1 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
Executing current image from System flash [partition 1]
System flash directory, partition 2:
File Length Name/status
1 37376 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [invalid checksum]
[37440 bytes used, 4156864 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Chip Bank Code Size Name erase write
1 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
2 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
3 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
4 2 89A2 1024KB INTEL 28F008SA 0 0
The following is sample output for the show flash summary command on a router that has Flash memory partitioned. The partition that indicates a state of Read Only is the partition that is being executed from.
Router# show flash summary
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
The following are possible values for Copy-Mode:
The following sample output shows the show flash command on a Cisco 7000 series PCMCIA slot or a Cisco 7500 series:
Gouda#cd slot1: Gouda#show flash -#- ED --type-- --crc--- -seek-- nlen -length- -----date/time------ name 1 .. 1 46A11866 2036C 4 746 May 16 1995 16:24:37 test
If you do not use the cd command to change the present working device to slot 1, you can display the same sample output with the following command:
Gouda#show flash slot1: -#- ED --type-- --crc--- -seek-- nlen -length- -----date/time------ name 1 .. 1 46A11866 2036C 4 746 May 16 1995 16:24:37 test
The following is sample output for the show flash filesys command on a Cisco 7000 series PCMCIA slot or a Cisco 7500 series router:
Cyclops# show flash filesys slot1:
-------- F I L E S Y S T E M S T A T U S --------
Device Number = 1
DEVICE INFO BLOCK: test
Magic Number = 6887635 File System Vers = 10000 (1.0)
Length = 800000 Sector Size = 20000
Programming Algorithm = 4 Erased State = FFFFFFFF
File System Offset = 20000 Length = 7A0000
MONLIB Offset = 100 Length = A140
Bad Sector Map Offset = 1FFF8 Length = 8
Squeeze Log Offset = 7C0000 Length = 20000
Squeeze Buffer Offset = 7E0000 Length = 20000
Num Spare Sectors = 0
Spares:
STATUS INFO:
Writable
NO File Open for Write
Complete Stats
No Unrecovered Errors
Squeeze in progress
USAGE INFO:
Bytes Used = 36C Bytes Available = 79FC94
Bad Sectors = 0 Spared Sectors = 0
OK Files = 1 Bytes = 2EC
Deleted Files = 0 Bytes = 0
Files w/Errors = 0 Bytes = 0
The following is sample output for the show flash chips bootflash: command on a Cisco 7500 series:
Gouda#show flash chips bootflash: ******** RSP Internal Flash Bank -- Intel Chips ******** Flash SIMM Reg: 401 Flash SIMM PRESENT 2 Banks Bank Size = 4M HW Rev = 1 Flash Status Registers: Bank 0 Intelligent ID Code : 89898989 A2A2A2A2 Status Reg: 80808080 Flash Status Registers: Bank 1 Intelligent ID Code : 89898989 A2A2A2A2 Status Reg: 80808080 Gouda#
In the following example, the present working device is bootflash on a Cisco 7500 series. The sample output displays the show flash all output.
Gouda#cd bootflash:
Gouda#show flash all
-#- ED --type-- --crc--- -seek-- nlen -length- -----date/time------ name
1 .. FFFFFFFF 49B403EE 3D0510 21 3736719 May 30 1995 17:47:54 dirt/yanke/m
3865328 bytes available (3736848 bytes used)
-------- F I L E S Y S T E M S T A T U S --------
Device Number = 2
DEVICE INFO BLOCK: test
Magic Number = 6887635 File System Vers = 10000 (1.0)
Length = 800000 Sector Size = 40000
Programming Algorithm = 5 Erased State = FFFFFFFF
File System Offset = 40000 Length = 740000
MONLIB Offset = 100 Length = A270
Bad Sector Map Offset = 3FFFC Length = 4
Squeeze Log Offset = 780000 Length = 40000
Squeeze Buffer Offset = 7C0000 Length = 40000
Num Spare Sectors = 0
Spares:
STATUS INFO:
Writable
NO File Open for Write
Complete Stats
No Unrecovered Errors
Squeeze in progress
USAGE INFO:
Bytes Used = 390510 Bytes Available = 3AFAF0
Bad Sectors = 0 Spared Sectors = 0
OK Files = 1 Bytes = 390490
Deleted Files = 0 Bytes = 0
Files w/Errors = 0 Bytes = 0
******** RSP Internal Flash Bank -- Intel Chips ********
Flash SIMM Reg: 401
Flash SIMM PRESENT
2 Banks
Bank Size = 4M
HW Rev = 1
Flash Status Registers: Bank 0
Intelligent ID Code : 89898989 A2A2A2A2
Status Reg: 80808080
Flash Status Registers: Bank 1
Intelligent ID Code : 89898989 A2A2A2A2
Status Reg: 80808080
Cyclops#show flash chips bootflash:
******** RSP Internal Flash Bank -- Intel Chips ********
Flash SIMM Reg: 401
Flash SIMM PRESENT
2 Banks
Bank Size = 4M
HW Rev = 1
Flash Status Registers: Bank 0
Intelligent ID Code : 89898989 A2A2A2A2
Status Reg: 80808080
Flash Status Registers: Bank 1
Intelligent ID Code : 89898989 A2A2A2A2
Status Reg: 80808080
To view the system console output generated during the Flash load helper operation, use the show flh-log privileged EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Privileged EXEC
If you are a remote Telnet user performing the Flash upgrade without a console connection, this command allows you to retrieve console output when your Telnet connection has terminated due to the switch to the ROM image. The output indicates what happened during the download, and is particularly useful if the download fails.
The following is sample output from the show flh-log command:
Router# show flh-log
%FLH: abc/igs-kf.914 from 131.108.1.111 to flash ...
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 2251320 abc/igs-kf.914
[2251384 bytes used, 1942920 available, 4194304 total]
Accessing file 'abc/igs-kf.914' on 131.108.1.111...
Loading from 131.108.13.111:
Erasing device... ... erased
Loading from 131.108.13.111:
- [OK -
2251320/4194304 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0x97FA)
Flash copy took 79292 msecs
%FLH: Re-booting system after download
Loading abc/igs-kf.914 at 0x3000040, size = 2251320 bytes [OK]
F3: 2183364+67924+259584 at 0x3000060
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
Cisco IOS (tm) GS Software (GS7), Version 11.0
Copyright (c) 1986-1995 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 06-Dec-94 14:01 by smith
Image text-base: 0x00001000, data-base: 0x005A9C94
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision 0x00) with 4092K/2048K bytes of
memory.
Processor board serial number 00000000
DDN X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2 and BFE compliant.
ISDN software, Version 1.0.
Bridging software.
Enterprise software set supported. (0x0)
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface.
2 Serial network interfaces.
--More--
1 ISDN Basic Rate interface.
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
To show the microcode bundled into a 7000 series system, use the show microcode EXEC command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
The following is sample output from the show microcode command:
Router# show micro
Microcode bundled in system
Card Microcode Target Hardware Description
Type Version Version
---- --------- --------------- -----------
SP 2.3 11.x SP version 2.3
EIP 1.1 1.x EIP version 1.1
TRIP 1.2 1.x TRIP version 1.2
FIP 1.4 2.x FIP version 1.4
HIP 1.1 1.x HIP version 1.1
SIP 1.1 1.x SIP version 1.1
FSIP 1.1 1.x FSIP version 1.1
To display the configuration information currently running on the terminal, use the show running-config EXEC command. This command replaces the write terminal command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
Use this command in conjunction with the show startup-config command to compare the information in running memory to the information stored in NVRAM or in a location specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. On the Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series, this variable specifies the configuration file used for initialization (startup). Use the boot config command in conjunction with the copy running-config startup-config command to set the CONFIG_FILE environment variable.
The following example illustrates how to display the running configuration:
show running-config Building configuration...
boot config
configure
copy running-config startup-config
show startup-config
To display the contents of NVRAM (if present and valid) or to show the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show startup-config EXEC command. This command replaces show configuration command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
NVRAM stores the configuration information on the network server in text form as configuration commands. For all platforms except the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the show startup-config command shows the version number of the software used when you last executed the copy running-config startup-config command.
For the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series, the show startup-config command shows the configuration file specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. The router informs you whether the displayed configuration is a complete configuration or a distilled version. A distilled configuration is one that does not contain access lists. If the CONFIG_FILE environment variable does not exist or is not valid, the router displays the NVRAM configuration (if it is a valid, complete configuration).
The following is sample output from the show startup-config command. It shows the router displaying the contents of NVRAM.
Router# show startup-config Using 5057 out of 32768 bytes ! version 10.3 ! enable-password xxxx service pad ! boot system dross-system 131.108.13.111 boot system dross-system 131.108.1.111 ! exception dump 131.108.13.111 ! no ip ipname-lookup ! decnet routing 13.1 decnet node-type area decnet max-address 1023 ! interface Ethernet 0 ip address 131.108.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 131.120.1.0 ip accounting ip gdp decnet cost 3 ! ip domain-name CISCO.COM ip name-server 255.255.255.255 ! end
The following is partial sample output from the show startup-config command when the configuration file has been compressed:
Router# show startup-config Using 21542 out of 65536 bytes, uncompressed size = 142085 bytes ! version 9.22 service compress-config ! hostname rose ! boot system flash gs7-k.sthormod_clean boot system rom
configure
copy running-config startup-config
description
service compress-config
show boot
show running-config
Use the show version EXEC command to display the configuration of the system hardware, the software version, the names and sources of configuration files, and the boot images.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
The following is sample output from the show version command from a Cisco 7000 series:
Router> show version GS Software (GS7), Version 10.0 Copyright (c) 1986-1993 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 11-Jan-93 14:44 System Bootstrap, Version 4.6(1) Current date and time is Fri 2-26-1993 2:18:52 Boot date and time is Fri 1-29-1993 11:42:38 Router uptime is 3 weeks, 6 days, 14 hours, 36 minutes System restarted by power-on Running default software Network configuration file is "Router", booted via tftp from 131.108.2.333 RP1 (68040) processor with 16384K bytes of memory. X.25 software. Bridging software. 1 Switch Processor. 1 TRIP controller (4 Token Ring). 4 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface. 1 AIP controller (1(ATM) 1 ATM network interface 4096K bytes of flash memory on embedded flash (in RP1). Configuration register is 0x0
Table 3-8 describes significant fields shown in the display.
Table 3-8 Show Version Field Descriptions
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| GS Software, Version 10.0 | Always specify the complete version number when reporting a possible software problem. In the example output, the version number is 10.0. |
| System Bootstrap, Version | Bootstrap version string. |
| Current date and time Boot date and time Router uptime is |
Current date and time, the date and time the system was last booted, and uptime, or the amount of time the system has been up and running. |
| System restarted by power-on | Also displayed is a log of how the system was last booted, both as a result of normal system startup and of system error. For example, information can be displayed to indicate a bus error that is generally the result of an attempt to access a nonexistent address, as follows:
System restarted by bus error at PC 0xC4CA, address
0x210C0C0
|
| Running default software | If the software was booted over the network, the Internet address of the boot host is shown. If the software was loaded from onboard ROM, this line reads "running default software." In addition, the names and sources of the host and network configuration files are shown. |
| RP1.... | The remaining output shows the hardware configuration and any nonstandard software options. The configuration register contents are displayed in hexadecimal notation. |
The output of the show version EXEC command can also provide certain messages, such as bus error messages. If such error messages appear, report the complete text of this message to your technical support specialist.
To permanently delete Flash files, use the squeeze EXEC command.
| device: | Flash device from which to permanently delete files. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
This command has no default.
EXEC
Use this command with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series.
When Flash memory is full, you might need to rearrange the files so that the space used by the "deleted" files can be reclaimed. When you issue the squeeze command, the router copies all valid files to the beginning of Flash memory and erases all files marked "deleted." At this point, you cannot recover "deleted" files and you can write to the reclaimed Flash memory space.
The following example instructs the router to permanently erase the files marked "deleted" from the Flash memory card inserted in second slot of the RSP card:
squeeze slot1:
To specify that the router operate as a TFTP server or to specify that a Flash device on a Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series operate as a TFTP server, use one of the following tftp-server global configuration commands. This command replaces the tftp-server system command. To remove a previously defined filename, use the no tftp-server command with the appropriate filename.
| flash | Specifies TFTP service of a file in Flash memory. |
| rom | Specifies TFTP service of a file in ROM. |
| filename1 | Name of a file in Flash or in ROM that the TFTP server uses in answering TFTP Read Requests. |
| alias | Specifies an alternate name for the file that the TFTP server uses in answering TFTP Read Requests. |
| filename2 | Alternate name of the file that the TFTP server uses in answering TFTP Read Requests. A client of the TFTP server can use this alternate name in its Read Requests. |
| access-list-number | (Optional) Basic IP access-list number. Valid values are 0 to 99. |
| partition-number: | (Optional) Specifies TFTP service of a file in the specified partition of Flash memory. If the partition number is not specified, the file in the first partition is used. |
| device: | Specifies TFTP service of a file on a Flash memory device in the Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory on the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
| filename | Name of the file on a Flash memory device that the TFTP server uses in answering a TFTP Read Request. Use this argument only with the Cisco 7000 series or Cisco 7500 series. |
Disabled
Global configuration
You can specify multiple filenames by repeating the tftp-server command. The system sends a copy of the system image contained in ROM or one of the system images contained in Flash memory to any client that issues a TFTP Read Request with this filename.
If the specified filename1 or filename2 exists in Flash memory, a copy of the Flash image is sent. On systems that contain a complete image in ROM, the system sends the ROM image if the specified filename1 or filename2 is not found in Flash memory.
Images that run from ROM cannot be loaded over the network. Therefore, it does not make sense to use TFTP to offer the ROMs on these images.
On the Cisco 7000 series and Cisco 7500 series, the system sends a copy of the file contained on one of the Flash memory devices to any client that issues a TFTP Read Request with its filename.
In the following example, the system uses TFTP to send a copy of the version-10.3 file located in Flash memory in response to a TFTP Read Request for that file. The requesting host is checked against access list 22.
tftp-server flash version-10.3 22
In the following example, the system uses TFTP to send a copy of the ROM image gs3-k.101 in response to a TFTP Read Request for the gs3-k.101 file:
tftp-server rom alias gs3-k.101
In the following example, the system uses TFTP to send a copy of the version-11.0 file in response to a TFTP Read Request for that file. The file is located on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP or RSP card.
tftp-server flash slot0:version-11.0
A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
access-list †
To recover a deleted file on a specified device, use the undelete EXEC command.
| index | Number that indexes the file in the dir command output. |
| device: | (Optional) Device to contain the recovered configuration file. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. |
The default device is the one specified by the cd command.
EXEC
Use this command with the Cisco 7000 series and the Cisco 7500 series.
When you delete a file, the router simply marks the file as deleted, but does not erase the file. This command allows you to recover a "deleted" file on a specified Flash memory device. You must undelete a file by its index because you could have multiple deleted files with the same name. For example, the "deleted" list could contain multiple configuration files with the name router-config. You undelete by index to indicate which of the many router-config files from the list to undelete. Use the dir command to learn the index number of the file you want to undelete.
You cannot undelete a file if a valid (undeleted) one with the same name exists. Instead, you first delete the existing file and then undelete the file you want. For example, if you had an undeleted version of the router-config file and you wanted to use a previous, deleted version instead, you could not simply undelete the previous version by index. You would first delete the existing router-config file and then undelete the previous router-config file by index. You can delete and undelete a file up to 15 times.
If you try to recover the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm recovery of the file. This prompt reminds you that the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to an undeleted file. To permanently delete all "deleted" files on a Flash memory device, use the squeeze command. If you try to recover a file that has the same name as an existing valid file, the system displays an error message.
The following example recovers the deleted file whose index number is 1 to the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RP or RSP card:
undelete 1 slot0:
On the Cisco 7000 series or the Cisco 7500 series, to verify the checksum of a file on a Flash device, use the verify EXEC command. This command replaces the copy verify and copy verify flash commands.
| device: | (Optional) Device containing the file whose checksum is being verified. The colon (:) is required. Valid devices are as follows: · flash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7000 series. · bootflash. This device is the internal Flash memory in the Cisco 7500 series. · slot0. This device is the PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7000 series RP card or the first PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. · slot1. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the Cisco 7500 series RSP card. When you omit this argument, the system verifies the checksum of the specified file on the current working device. |
| filename | Name of a file on the specified Flash device. The file can be of any type. The maximum filename length is 63 characters. |
The current working device is the default device.
EXEC
Use the verify command to verify the checksum of a file before using it. When you omit the device: argument, the system verifies the checksum of the specified file on the current working device.
The following example verifies the gsxx file on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of a Cisco 7000's RP card or a Cisco 7500's RSP card:
verify slot0:gsxx
cd
copy flash
pwd
show flash
ip rcmd remote-username
To verify the checksum of a boot image in Flash memory on the Cisco 4500, use the verify bootflash EXEC command. This command replaces the copy verify bootflash command.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
You can use this command only on routers that have two banks of Flash: one bank for the boot image and the second bank for the system image.
Each boot software image that is distributed on disk uses a single checksum for the entire image. This checksum is displayed only when the image is copied into Flash memory; it is not displayed when the image file is copied from one disk to another.
The README file, which is included with the image on the disk, lists the name, file size, and checksum of the image. Review the contents of the README file before loading or duplicating the new image so that you can verify the checksum when you copy it into Flash memory or onto a server.
To display the contents of Flash memory, use the show flash command. The Flash contents listing does not include the checksum of individual files. To recompute and verify the image checksum after the image has been copied into Flash memory, use the verify bootflash command. When you enter the command, the system prompts you for the filename to verify. By default, it prompts for the last file (most recent) in Flash. Press Return to recompute the default file checksum, or enter the name of a different file at the prompt.
The following example illustrates how to use this command:
Router# copy verify bootflash
Boot flash directory:
File name/status
1 c4500-xboot
[1387336 bytes used, 2806968 bytes available]
Name of file to verify? c4500-xboot
Verifying checksum for 'c4500-xboot' (file # 1)... [OK]
copy bootflash tftp
copy mop bootflash
copy tftp bootflash
erase bootflash
show bootflash
To verify the checksum of Flash memory, use the verify flash EXEC command. This command replaces the copy verify and copy verify flash commands.
This command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
The verify flash command works on Cisco 3000 series, Cisco 4000 series, and Cisco 7000 series routers only. The Cisco 7500 series does not support this command.
On the Cisco 7000 series, this command works only on internal Flash memory. This command does not verify the checksums of files on the Flash memory card inserted in the PCMCIA slot. To verify the Flash memory card, use the verify command.
Each system software or microcode image that is distributed on disk uses a single checksum for the entire image. This checksum is displayed only when the image is copied into Flash memory; it is not displayed when the image file is copied from one disk to another.
The README file (which is included with the image on the disk) lists the name, file size, and checksum of the image. Review the contents of the README file before loading or duplicating the new image so that you can verify the checksum when you copy it into the Flash memory or onto a TFTP server.
To display the contents of Flash memory, use the show flash command. The Flash content listing does not include the checksum of individual files. To recompute and verify the image checksum after the image file is copied into Flash memory, use the verify command. When you enter the command, the screen prompts you for the filename to verify. By default, it prompts for the last file in Flash (most recent). Press Return to recompute the default file checksum, or enter the filename of a different file at the prompt.
The following example illustrates how to use this command:
Router# verify flash
Name of file to verify [gsxx]?
Verifying via checksum...
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Flash verification successful. Length = 1923712, checksum = 0xA0C1
Router#
The following example illustrates how to use the verify flash command when more than one Flash memory partition exists:
Router# verify flash
System flash partition information:
Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy-Mode
1 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read Only RXBOOT-FLH
2 4096K 2048K 2048K 2048K Read/Write Direct
[Type ?<no> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]
The system will prompt only if there are two or more read/write partitions. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You can enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first partition.
File Length Name/status 1 3459720 master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 [3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total] Name of file to verify? master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3 Verifying checksum for 'master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3' (file # 1)... OK
show flash
verify
The erase startup-config command replaces this command. Refer to the description of the erase command for more information on erase startup-config.
The copy running-config startup-config command replaces this command. Refer to the description of the copy running-config command for more information on copy running-config startup-config.
The copy running-config rcp or copy running-config tftp command replaces this command. Refer to the description of the copy running-config command for more information on copy running-config rcp or copy running-config tftp.
The show running-config command replaces this command. Refer to the description of
show running-config for more information.
|
Copyright 1988-1995 © Cisco Systems Inc.